1. 6.1 PERIODIC TABLE

2. MEYER & MENDELEEV (1869): Showed connection between atomic mass & properties.
Mendeleev – given credit (published first).
Arranged by atomic mass.
Found that properties repeated.
Predicted existence & properties
of undiscovered elements.
(Ex. Ge)
Recognized discrepancies
in properties. (Ex. Te & I)

3. EARLY PERIODIC TABLE

4. MOSELY (1913) – Discovered protons (Atomic #)
Arranged elements by atomic #.
Saw clear pattern of periodic properties (problem of discrepancies solved).
Periodic Law – When elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of chemical
& physical properties.

5. MODERN PERIODIC TABLE: Boxes arranged by increasing atomic #
Groups (families)– vertical columns.
Numbered by “a” & “b” or 1-18
Elements in the same group share similar properties (Ex. Na & K – both in 1a)
Representative elements (Main Group)
Belong to “a” groups
(“s” & “p” block)
Wide range properties

6. PERIODS - Horizontal Rows Show # Energy Levels
7 periods on table
Various properties
Ex. Period 3 contains Na, Si, Cl, Ar
(has 3 energy levels)

7. QUIZ 1) Mendeleev arranged elements by increasing ______.
2) How are elements arranged on the modern periodic table?
3) Sodium and magnesium are in the same _____.
4) Li & Na are in the same _____.
5) Which 2 elements have the most similar properties?
Na Mg K Ar

8. ELEMENT CLASSIFICATION – 3 main types: Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
Separated by “zigzag” line
Metals: (Left of zigzag) (except H)
Properties:
Shiny & smooth (when clean)
Ductile (can draw into wire)
Malleable (hammer into sheets)
Good conductors (heat & electricity)
Often react with acids

9. GROUPS OF METALS 1a (1) = alkali metals (red) (not H)
Most reactive metals
(Fr most active)
2a (2) = alkaline earth metals
(green)
Very reactive

10. TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) “d” block; “b” groups or # 3-12
Ex. Au, Fe, Cu
Many transition metal compounds are colorful:

11. INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) ”f” block, 2 bottom rows (blue)
1st row (Lanthanide series) (Lanthanoid)
2nd row (Actinide series) (Actinoid)

12. QUIZ - METALS WHAT GROUP IS THIS?
1) Group 1a (1)
2) Group 2a (2)
3) Cu & Ag are in this group.
4) Bottom 2 rows are in this group.
5) Uranium is in this series.
6) Sm & Ce are in this series.
7) Most reactive metallic group.
8) Representative elements

13. NONMETALS – Right of zigzag & H Day 2
Properties:
Gases or brittle & dull solids
Only liquid is Br
Poor conductors
chlorine gas
Groups:
6a (16) = chalcogens (oxygen gp.)
7a = halogens (very reactive)
8a = noble gases
(inert, unreactive,
full outer shell)

14. NONMETALS - What group is this?
1) Group 6a (16)
2) Group 7a (17)
3) Group 8a (18)
4) Hydrogen is the only nonmetal placed with this group.
5) The most reactive nonmetal group.

15. METALLOIDS (SEMI-METALS) Elements along zigzag (not Al)
Show properties of both metals & nonmetals
Ex. Si & Ge – shiny, semi-conductor, brittle
Used in computer chips, etc.

17. OTHER GROUPS NAMED FOR 1st ELEMENT:
Group 3a (13) Boron group
Group 4a (14) Carbon group
Group 5a (15) Nitrogen group
Groups contain metals, nonmetals & metalloids.

18. QUIZ – METAL, NONMETAL, METALLOID
1) Tell whether the following is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid?
Sr Co P Sb Se
m m nm ml nm
2) An element is smooth, shiny, conducts electricity well, & reacts with acid.
Which element is it?
W Br As Ge
W=metal

19. PROBLEM: Which element is this?
1) An element is a dull solid, brittle, and does not conduct electricity or react with acid.
Which element & gp.?
Mg Ge S O
S, chalcogens
2) An element is shiny, brittle, partly conducts electricity but does not react with acid.
Zn Ge Kr I
Ge, Group 4A (carbon gp.)

21. Dmitri Mendeleev

22. THE END