1. Scientific Revolution And The Enlightenment
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Scientific Revolution
And
The Enlightenment
Lesson #8

2. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
1600s – 1700s

3. New Discoveries 1500s and 1600s Shape of universe Gravity
Purpose of heart
Scientific method
To discover, based on pure observation
To challenge the Church and oppressive leaders

4. Scientific Revolution
p When was it? 1500s and 1600s What did it change? The way Europeans views the world. What new approach did this lead to? Scientific Method (a new approach to science study)

5. Shape of Universe the Earth revolved around the sun
Heliocentric
Universe
p. 667 – what did he show?
the Earth revolved around the sun
Copernicus

6. Gathering Data Used observations to verify and prove heliocentrism
Kepler

7. Experiments and gathering data
1. What did he perfect?
TELESCOPE
2. What did he declare?
PLANETS MOVE
AROUND THE SUN
3. Who (what) did he irritate?
THE CHURCH
Galileo

8. Gravity GRAVITY p. 667 – what did he prove? GALILEO WAS CORRECT
(INVENTED CALCULUS TO PROVE IT)
What did he say keeps planets in orbit?
GRAVITY
Newton

9. Purpose of the Heart
p. 668 – What did new ideas in medicine challenge? TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES What did physicians do? MADE ACCURATE DRAWINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Harvey

10. Why does this matter? Challenge to the Church Challenge to the Kings
Challenge to the “old order”
Galileo was even put
on trial by the Church

11. ENGLISH THEORISTS Hobbes and Locke

12. Science effects Politics
1500s and 1600s
Scientific Revolution effected philosophers
Philosophers effected government
Government would shift from Kings (and dictators) to democracy

13. Scientific Revolution
What was it all about? Was all about making sense of the universe What changed? People starting seeing order in the universe. They saw nature as “rational” and logical

14. If nature is rational, should man be?
Why do we have governments? To keep order & protect us Do all governments do that? NO! Some are in power so they can take advantage of that power.

15. Who gives government power?
Who choses a government? Thomas Hobbes said WE do Why did Hobbes say we have a government? To protect the evil people in society from killing the innocent people.

16. Why do parents hire baby sitters?

17. Social Contract
What did he mean? Thomas Hobbes said we give government power to control us. He called it a SOCIAL CONTRACT We give up some rights. In return, we are protected.

18. John Locke
John Locke talked about your “natural rights.” ? What was he talking about? p. 668 LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY

19. DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT
What did he say was the duty of the government? (p. 668) TO PROTECT OUR NATURAL RIGHTS What should the people do if their government fails to protect their rights? (668) REBEL AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

20. FRENCH PHILOSOPHES Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau

21. Government Describe a “bad” government What do they have in common?
Describe a “bad” baby sitter
Describe a “bad” teacher
Describe a “bad” parent
Describe a “bad” police officer
What do they have in common?
ABUSE THEIR POWER
Describe a “good” government, parent teacher or baby sitter…
PROTECT THE PEOPLE
What’s the difference?

22. Good Government Responsible to the needs of the people it rules over
Fair
Trustworthy
Responsive to the voice of the people
Protects
VOLTAIRE

23. Voltaire
P. 668 What did Voltaire poke fun at? FRANCE’S BACKWARDNESS FRENCH GOVERNMENT What three things did Voltaire say a government should do (allow for) RELIGIOUS TOLERATION FREEDOM OF SPEECH FREEDOM OF PRESS
VOLTAIRE

24. How to prevent dictatorship…
Make it fight against itself for power
Never allow one man (or group) to have all the power
Separate the powers of government
P. 668 What are the three branches of Government? LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY
MONTESQUIEU

25. How to make government work for us
Force them to see all of us are born equal in rights
No special “ranks”
Rousseau suggested a government should be afraid the people it rules over might “remove” him at any time
P. 668 What did Rousseau say government belonged to? THE PEOPLE Whose will did Rousseau say the government should represent? THE MAJORITY
ROUSSEAU

26. Describe three aspects that make up a “good” government