1. Can We Count on the Bible? (4) The Canon of the New Testament

2. How the Word of God Spread Within a few decades gospel was “preached to every creature under heaven” Col. 1:23 How did that happen?

3. How the Word of God Spread Jesus revealed the word of God – John 14:10, 24; 5:19, 7:16 He promised a Helper, the Holy Spirit – John 14:25-26, 16:7-11

4. How the Word of God Spread The Spirit would instill confidence – Matt. 10:16-20 The Holy Spirit falls upon them – Acts 2:1-4, 4:8, 13 Paul – Acts 9:17-18, 13:9

5. How the Word of God Spread The Apostles spoke with authority – 1 Cor. 2:6-14, Gal. 1:12 – revelation of Jesus 1 Cor. 11:23, 15:3 – “I received” Eph. 3:3-4 – written 1 Cor. 14:37 – acknowledge message 2 Pet. 3:1-2 – written to remind

6. How the Word of God Spread The written letters were circulated almost immediately – Col. 4:16, 1 Thess. 5:27 – Read to all Galatians 1:2 – churches of Galatia Rev. 1:11 – 7 churches of Asia 1 Pet. 1:1 – “To pilgrims…”

7. How the Word of God Spread Consider: IF the New Testament is the word of God, is it unreasonable to think that He had a hand (providentially) in its preservation?

8. Compiling the Books of the NT The first recorded record of all 27 books was 367 AD in a letter written by Athanasius. WAS this the first recognition of the books of the New Testament?

9. Compiling the Books of the NT The first recorded record of all 27 books was 367 AD in a letter written by Athanasius. WAS this the first recognition of the books of the New Testament? NO! Books were mentioned and (partial) lists compiled very early!

10. Compiling the Books of the NT Why the need for a NT Canon? 1.As Gospel spread by circulation, a need to verify which ones were true. 2.With end of age of miracles and prophets, true writings needed to be verified

11. Compiling the Books of the NT Why the need for a NT Canon? 3. The growth of heretical movements 4. As gospel spread to foreign lands, need for translations 5. Persecutions – “Who wanted to die for just a religious book?”

12. Compiling the Books of the NT Criteria for determining canonicity 1.Did it have apostolic authority Either an apostle or one with the apostles. 2.Did it agree with canon of truth? 3.Was work accepted and circulated by early churches?

13. Compiling the Books of the NT MOST books are mentioned very early, in the 2 nd century The “church fathers” – a group of church leaders who wrote works related to the Christian faith. They identified various works as inspired and rejected others.

14. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” Ignatius (martyred 110 AD) – Quoted from a total of 8 letters Polycarp (70-155 AD), elder in Smyrna – identified 17 books of New Testament.

15. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” Marcion (144-~200 AD) – A heretic who rejected the Old Testament, identified Luke and listed all of Paul’s epistles, except 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus (though he changed many of them)

16. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” Valentinus (100-160 AD) – A Gnostic, but he referenced all four gospels, Romans – Colossians, 1 Peter, 1 John & Revelation

17. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” Irenaeus of Lyons (120-200 AD) – in Adversus Haereses (Against Heresies) he quotes from or alluded to all the books of the NT except Philemon, 2 Peter, 3 John, & Jude

18. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” The Muratorian Canon (ca. 200 AD) – a manuscript written in 8 th century was a copy of this document. Consisted of a list of books beginning with Luke – Philemon, 1 & 2 John, Jude & Revelation. Beginning of document is missing.

19. Compiling the Books of the NT The “church fathers” For a good list of works consult: http://www.ntcanon.org Consult the TABLE tab. Each author and the books quoted are documented. http://www.ntcanon.org

20. Compiling the Books of the NT In all, 20 of the 27 books were accepted WITHOUT question. What about the other 7 books?

21. Compiling the Books of the NT Books questioned and why: Hebrews – because author was unknown James – teachings on faith and works compared to writings of Paul 2 Peter – different in style to 1 st Peter

22. Compiling the Books of the NT Books questioned and why: 2 & 3 John – limited circulation and private nature Jude – mentioned a prophecy of Enoch not recorded Revelation – Apocalyptic nature. Question more about interpretation than inspiration!

23. Compiling the Books of the NT Books questioned and why: NOTE: Such scrutiny demonstrates the high standard set for recognition as inspired and canon. In short time, all of these were accepted universally by professing Christians (except liberal theologians).

24. WE CAN trust the Bible we have before us Let us seek not only to defend it, but also to apply it in our lives