1. Chapter 1
Exploration

2. Objective for Today
Evaluate the theories of how the earliest Americans migrated from Asia to the New World.

3. Theories of how people got to America
Land Bridge Theory
Coastal Route Theory
Pacific Crossing Theory
Atlantic Crossing Theory

4. Land Bridge Theory Approximately 100,000 years ago
Earth began to cool gradually - glaciation
Periods of glaciation – Ice Ages
Water froze into sheets of glaciers
Ocean level dropped 300 feet & showed the floor of the Bering Sea
Connected Asia with Alaska – Beringia

5. Beringia
1,000 miles wide
15,000 years ago – People from Asia came following food.
Nomads & hunters
Continued till the ice melted

6. Coastal Route Theory Crossed from NE Asia in boats Skirting the shore
Land occasionally to hunt
Would have reached South America quicker than any land route

7. Pacific Crossing Theory
Migrants from SE Asia went south to Australia & across the Pacific Ocean, hopping from island to island until they reached South America.

8. Atlantic Crossing Theory
From Southwest Europe (southern France & Spain)
Hugging the edge of the glaciers of the North Atlantic
Sailed from Iceland & Greenland down to North America

9. Using the small map on page 19, outline the four routes on your own map.

10. Day 1 REVIEW ACTIVITY
Which theory do you think was the best route & why?
Must write one paragraph explaining your answer.

11. Objective for Today
Identify & describe the causes of exploration.

12. Causes of Exploration
Crusades
Renaissance & Protestant Reformation
New Technology

13. The Crusades – Holy Wars
Purpose:
Christians wanted to get the Holy Land back from the Muslims
Essential Details
Western Europeans discover Asian food, spices, & clothing.
Want to trade between Europe & Asia
Trading was slow & expensive over land
Went looking for a sea route – explorers like Columbus
Columbus discovers America while trying to find a way to India
So what? What is important to understand about this?

14. Renaissance
Time of great cultural developments & societal changes in Europe.
People began to read the Bible & other early church writing with a critical eye.
Wanted to reform the church & get rid of any religious practice not in the Bible.

15. Protestant Reformation
Began with Martin Luther
Movement to reform the Catholic Church
Church leaders were not happy
Leaders of the reform movement broke away from the Catholic Church & formed their own churches
Many went to the New World so they could worship freely.

16. So what is the relationship between the Renaissance & Reformation?

17. New Technology Astrolabe
Invented by the ancient Greeks & made better by Arab navigators.
Used the position of the sun to determine directions, latitude & local time.

18. New Technology Compass Invented in China
Reliably showed the direction of magnetic north.

19. New Technology Caravel Portuguese ship
Small ship able to carry 130 tons of cargo.
Needed little water to sail.
Allowed explorers to go in shallow water & beach ships to make repairs.

20. Portuguese Exploration
1419 – Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator)
Set up a center for research & invited explorers to come & map out voyages there.
1420 – began mapping Africa’s west coast

21. Portuguese Exploration
1488 – Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa
1497 – Vasco da Gama
Rounded Africa’s tip heading to India
Landed on India’s Southwest coast
1st water route to Asia found!

22. Portuguese Exploration

23. Review Activity: Causes of Exploration Foldable
Fold your paper like a hotdog. Make two slits, creating 3 different sections.
Create a foldable with the outside headings listed below.
Crusades
Renaissance & Reformation
New Technology

24. Causes of Exploration Foldable
Inside:
Include a one paragraph summary explaining how this event or thing (Crusades, Renaissance & Reformation, & New Technology) caused exploration.
A paragraph is considered 4-5 complete sentences.
Include a picture to illustrate the event or thing.

25. Preview Activity Answer these questions if you can:
Who was the first explorer (s) to find the Americas?
Who was America named after?

26. Objectives
Identify the first major explorers of the Americas & the significance of their exploration.
Judge the success of Columbus’ journey & its impact on the New World inhabitants.

27. Vikings Around 1000 A.D. they explored the coast of Labrador
They tried to set up a life there but it didn’t work cause they were outnumbered by hostile Native Americans.

28. Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer that was paid by the Spanish (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella) to find a water route to Asia.
In 1492, he landed in the Caribbean.
Explored the areas of present-day Cuba & Hispaniola.

30. Amerigo Vespucci Repeated Columbus’ trip to sail west.
He realized that what Columbus found wasn’t Asia.
America was named after him.

31. Other explorers Ponce de Leon – discovered Florida
Balboa – 1st European to reach the Pacific coast of America.
Magellan – Named the Pacific Ocean. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe (go all the way around the world).

32. Columbian Exchange
Exchange between Columbus (or Europeans) and the Native Americans.

33. What did the “Indians” get
What did the Europeans
get from
the “Indians”?
What did the “Indians” get
from the
Europeans?