1. HOW WILL COLONIAL PAST AFFECT AMERICAN FUTURE? What were colonists mad about? Discuss with partners: specific grievances and how newly independent America will try to deal with them Examples Paying taxes Not being able to move west Not being represented enough Let’s see how they deal with each of these issues…

2. Mr. Richardson, MAT GHHS ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

3. SETTING THE STAGE Oct 1777 – Saratoga, 5k British soldiers captured in upstate New York At this point, colonies are very much like 13 different colonies. 2 nd Continental Congress is running the war, publishes Dec. of Independence Three names to associate: Jefferson, Adams, Hancock

4. AFTER DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Begin planning for self-government. Precedents? Mayflower Compact (1620), House of Burgesses (1607) 1776 Virginia (VA) constitution Written by George Mason, limits VA governor 1777 Massachusetts (MA) constitution Written by John Adams: bicameral, Bill of Rights

5. STATE CONSTITUTIONS Republicanism. Most had strong governors with veto power. Most had bicameral legislatures. Property required for voting. Some had universal white male suffrage. Most had bills of rights. Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

6. OCCUPATIONAL COMPOSITION OF SEVERAL STATE ASSEMBLIES IN THE 1780S

7. 7 FORMING A NEW GOVERNMENT A Republic Republicanism- Government is based on the consent of the people. States maintained their own constitutions. The need for a national government persisted.

8. THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Pennsylvania statesman All 13 states had to approv The Articles were accepted by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution Shared fundamental powers between the states & Congress Called a Confederation:an alliance.

9. 9 STRUCTURE OF ARTICLES Unicameral (single house) legislative body Each state had one vote regardless of population size Congress given sole authority to govern the country Congress would establish temporary courts to hear disputes among the states

10. THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Fear of the government having too much power In the Articles, the state governments limit the power of the national Congress

11. STRENGTHS OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION: SETTLING WESTERN LANDS The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks The Northwest Ordinance 1787 assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt Population of 60,000 could become a state

12. INDIAN LAND CESSIONS: 1768-1799

13. DISPUTED TERRITORIAL CLAIMS BETWEEN SPAIN & THE U. S.: 1783- 1796

14. STATE CLAIMS TO WESTERN LAND

15. LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785

16. SETTLING WESTERN LANDS The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West It promised no slavery education freedom of religion trial by jury

17. NORTHWEST TERRITORY The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be formed from this area.

18. PROBLEMS OF TAXATION States send 2.4 of 15 million dollars requested by Congress Not paying our debts Newberg Conspiracy

20. REASONS FOR SHAYS’ REBELLION Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, they have no money because they were not paid during the war Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too. And seek to get money from the farmers debts

21. DANIEL SHAYS & HIS REASONS Daniel Shays- Revolutionary War Veteran & farmer in debt. Poor farmers are not represented in the Mass legislature and cannot pass debt relief laws The rebellion will free debtors from prisons and close courts that are hearing cases against farmers

22. SHAYS’ REBELLION 1787 -Formed an army of 1,200 farmers -Marched towards arsenal in Springfield -The Mass. militia is called out to stop it - Result: 4 rebels killed -Shays’ Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a stronger central government

23. SAMUEL ADAMS “ Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death ”

24. THOMAS JEFFERSON "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."

25. CALL FOR CONVENTION Problems: Trade between states Taxes on goods Madison & Hamilton called for convention in Annapolis, Maryland 1786 5 states sent delegates Failure Shay’s Rebellion got attention= Convention in 1787 in Philadelphia 12 states sent delegates Rhode Island did not 55 Delegates total- merchants, lawyers, planters.

26. KEY CONFLICTS: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT VS. STATES Strong Central Government: -Authority comes from the people -The central government should be stronger than the states Strong States: -Authority comes from the states -The states should remain stronger than the central government

27. KEY CONFLICTS: LARGE VS. SMALL STATES Large States: -Congress should be 2 houses -Delegates should be assigned based on population size Small States: -Congress should remain unicameral (1 house) -Each state should have one vote

28. KEY CONFLICTS: NORTH VS. SOUTH North: -Slaves should not be counted when assigning delegates -Slaves should be counted when levying taxes South: -Slaves should be counted when assigning delegates -Slaves should not be counted when levying taxes