1. Cross-border network for knowledge transfer and innovative development in wastewater treatment WATERFRIEND HUSRB/1203/221/196 1st HUSRB Students Meeting

2. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Microwave energy manipulation during the biofuels (biodiesel) production Vivien Mészáros University of Szeged Faculty of Sciences and Informatics Bioengineering

3. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend CONTENT Introduction Production of biodiesel in microwave field -Materials used for the experiments -Equipments -Varied process parameters Partial results of the research – Fields of research

4. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Introduction Vegetable oils (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil) transesterification assisted by microwave energy – examination of the energy efficiency Pre-experiments of transesterification, set-up and method of experiment (determination and optimization of the main influential process parameters) Monitoring of the connection between quality and dielectric parameters of biodiesel Determining the overall energy demand of the MW process

5. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend What is Biodiesel?  Biodiesel is a petroleum diesel replacement fuel used in engines.  It can be produced from any plant or animal based lipids. –Plant Based Oils: Soybean oil; cotton seeds oil; sunflower oil; rapeseed oil –Animal Fats: Beef tallow; pork lard; poultry fat. –Recycled Cooking Grease: Yellow grease. Four main production methods: – Direct use and blending – Micro emulsions – Thermal cracking – Transesterification

6. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Biodiesel Production Converted through transesterification – alcohol and oil/fat → ester and glycerol Transesterification: a chemical reaction where triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the presence of catalyst to produce alkyl esters

7. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Thermo and hydrodynamics laboratory Experimental equipment 1-household microwave oven 2- cavity rezonator 3-PTFE spiral 4-peristaltic pump 5-input of material 6-output dielectric material 7-round-bottom flask 8- water cooled condenser 9- personal computer 10- thermocouples 11-data acquisition system 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1110

8. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Parameters of continuous transesterification Volume of vegetable oil in the mixture: 82% Methanol : 18% Amount of catalyst: 0,5% of the oils weight Performance of microwave treatment: 233,3 W; 418,1 W Process time: 300 s, 360 s Type of process: continuously flow operation

9. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Why methanol? Methanol Vs. Ethanol Ethanol is more expensive than methanol Lower ethyl ester conversion Ethanol is difficult to recycle Viscosity of the ethyl ester is slightly higher than that of methyl ester Cloud and pour points are slightly lower than that of methyl ester

10. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Results of research Content of the vegetable oil, content of the mixture, principle of multi-permittivity!!! How effect the electromagnetic field the dielectric parameters

11. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Dielectrical behaviour ε” vs. temperature (sunflower oil)(rapeseed oil)

12. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Specific Absorption Rate (– SAR) (rapeseed oil)(sunflower oil)

13. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Energy demand Comparison the conventional transesterification and the MW assisted transesterification - Biodiesel yield - Determination of specific energy demand – data collecting and evaluating system

14. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Summary Microwave assisted transesterification is more energy efficient and faster process than the conventional method Further direction of the research: - Relationship between the dielectric properties and quality parameters - Modelling of MW process and develope process control and energy system model

15. .. 1st Students Meeting Waterfriend Presentation/lecture has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The content of the presentation/lecture is the sole responsibility of University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union and/or the Managing Authority. Special thanks: Acknowledgements Many thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó and to my co-supervisors Dr. Valéria Nagy and Sándor Beszédes! Thank you for your attention!