1. Introduction to PubMed Your Name Your contact information can go here

2. Objectives Understand the purpose and content of PubMed Be able to perform a basic search in PubMed Be familiar with PubMed’s special features: “Related Articles”, “Journal Links to Full Text”, MyNCBI and others

3. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) The world’s largest biomedical library; it produces:  PubMed = Index to world’s biomedical literature  MedlinePlus = Patient education & consumer health information  ClinicalTrials.gov = Database of clinical trials  TOXNET = Databases on toxicology, hazardous substances, environmental health, etc.  And much more

4. MEDLINE The world’s largest biomedical database Over 5,000 journals indexed, with worldwide coverage Covers all aspects of biosciences and healthcare Database of 16+ million journal citations, 1950 to the present 90% are in English ; 79% have abstracts The primary component of PubMed

5. So What Is PubMed? PubMed is a tool to search:  MEDLINE (1950 to present)  In-process & publisher-supplied citations (some before they are published in hard copy)  Citations from some older materials not yet upgraded with MEDLINE indexing, some out-of-scope articles from MEDLINE journals, and some life sciences journals that submit full text to PubMedCentral Produced by NCBI  National Center for Biotechnology Information, part of NLM Accessible worldwide on the Web at no charge

6. What Is MeSH? MeSH – Medical Subject Headings  Controlled vocabulary terms  Hierarchical structure from broad to specific  PubMed translates common terms to MeSH terms Breast cancer = Breast neoplasms Middle ear infections = Otitis Media Heart attack = Myocardial Infarction

7. Let’s Talk …and let’s do a PubMed literature search using :  Limits  Related articles  Display features  Print and Save features  Clinical Queries  My NCBI

8. Accessing PubMed Directly at: http://pubmed.govhttp://pubmed.gov Or, National Library of Medicine’s homepage: http://www.nlm.nih.gov http://www.nlm.nih.gov

9. PubMed Screen Layout Feature Tabs Query Box aka Search Box Blue Sidebar

10. Searching PubMed Let’s use this search: What’s the evidence for the use of beta blockers to prevent atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery

11. Enter Your Search in Query Box

12. Results Screen

13. The Details Tab Details Tab tells you how PubMed has translated your search

14. Automatic Term Mapping PubMed automatically checks what you enter against its indexes in this order: MeSH Journal Title Author If no matches, PubMed breaks your search terms apart and searches each piece against these indexes Any term that cannot be matched is searched in ALL FIELDS

15. Automatic Term Mapping arthritis aspirin gastric mucosa is automatically translated into: ("aspirin"[MeSH Terms] OR aspirin[Text Word]) AND ("arthritis"[MeSH Terms] OR arthritis[Text Word]) AND ("gastric mucosa"[MeSH Terms] OR gastric mucosa[Text Word])

16. When to Limit? There are many reasons for refining a search strategy. You may want to:  Exclude foreign language titles  Look for articles published within a certain timeframe  Retrieve articles that focus on specific populations  Look only at clinical research studies

17. The Limits Tab

18. Other Ways To Limit Your Search Add additional terms to query box Use Boolean Connectors  AND, OR, NOT stress AND depression depression OR sadness OR unhappy depression NOT manic

19. Boolean Searching Use AND, OR, NOT and parentheses: ( moose OR elk OR deer OR camel) AND automobile accidents Use History Tab to assist in Boolean searching

20. Clinical Queries

22. Related Articles Related Articles – a pre-formulated search strategy to match other PubMed citations that are closely related to the selected citation

23. Working with Results The Display bar is used with the following pull- down menus:  Summary lets you select other formats, such as Abstract, Brief or Citation format  Show and Sort By offer additional display options  Send to lets you print, save, e-mail, order documents or the Clipboard (a temporary holding bin)

24. The Clipboard Tab Lets you keep track of “the good ones” while you are still searching How to :  # 1: Check the citations to keep  #2: Use the Send pull-down menu to select Clipboard  #3: Repeat with other strategies  #4: Click on Clipboard to view your collection Will keep up to 500 records for 8 hours !  More about how to save citations longer when we talk about MyNCBI

25. Are the Actual Articles Online? If and only if:  The publisher chooses to make it freely available on its website.  The publisher has “deposited” content in PubMed Central  You or your library has purchased access to full text online

26. What Are Those Icons?

27. Important Icons Free full-text from publisher’s site  Registration may be required Free full-text from PubMed Central Publisher icons that don’t indicate FREE = $$ or subscription

28. Another Way to Get the Article NLM’s Loansome Doc Ordering System  A service that allows users to obtain the full-text copies from a medical library  For more information ask your librarian or go to: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_h ome.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_h ome.html

29. Links to LinkOut LinkOut – connects you to other related resources, e.g., publishers, NLM resources and other organizations

30. This PubMed feature allows you to:  Save search strategies and set-up automatic email updates  Save bibliographies  Select filters that customize and sort your search results  and more…

31. Saved Searches My NCBI box lets you Sign in or for first time users, Register. After a search is run, click on the Save Search link to save the search strategy.

32. Saved Searches After you sign in, the Save Search box displays. 1) Enter a name for your search (something meaningful), 2) click Yes or No for automatic e-mail updates and 3) click OK after you have made your selections.

33. Additional Resources The National Library of Medicine  www.nlm.nih.gov www.nlm.nih.gov  1-888-FINDNLM (1-888-346-3656)  custserv@nlm.nih.gov Your wonderful librarian!