1. Estimated Mercury Emission Reductions in NC from Co- control as a Result of CSA 2004 NC DENR/DAQ Hg & CO2 Workshop Raleigh, NC April 20, 2004 Steve Schliesser Paul Grable NC Division of Air Quality

2. Presentation Summary n NC Electric Utility Hg Control Features - Coal Characteristics - Boiler Types - Current & Planned Emission Controls n Statewide Hg Emission Estimates - From Existing Controls - From Planned Future Controls - Emission Reduction Schedule - Speciated Hg Emissions n Conclusions & Plans

3. Hg Emissions and Control Study for Electric Utilities n Electric Utility Industry Is Primary Hg Emission Source in NC (75% Hg emissions) n Current Statistics - 48 Utility Boilers with 13,300 MW - Duke Power with 8,200 MW - Progress Energy with 5,100 MW - Variety of Conventional Boilers - No Hg-specific emission controls

4. Electric Utility Company Plans n Plans Submitted for CSA n All with Combustion Controls - 46/48 with SCR / SNCR / Advanced NOx Controls (>98% State Capacity) - NOx Controls Installed in 2001-09 n 22 SO2 Wet FGD Scrubbers on Largest Units (80% State Capacity) - SO2 Scrubbers Installed 2005 – 2013 - Largest Scrubbers Installed 2005 – 2009

5. Emissions Reductions Under Clean Smokestacks Act 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 1998 20072009 1998 2009 2013 NOx (tons/year) SO 2 (tons/year) 245,000 60,000 56,000 489,000 250,000 130,000

6. NC Electric Utility Boiler Characteristics n Current Design and Operation - All Eastern Bitmuninous Low-S Coal - Favorable Hg Controllability Coal - All T-Fired or Wall-Fired Boilers - Most larger units with Cold-side ESPs - Several small Hot-side ESPs - No Wet FGD Scrubbers

7. Comparison of Average Coal Burned in NC vs USA Coal Composition Area Hg, lb/TBtu Chlorine ppm Cl/SO2 Ratio NC6.514001000 USA7.0700300

8. Location and Size of NC Electric Utility Plants

9. DAQ Estimated Mercury Emissions Based on EPA and EPRI Correlations n EPA Estimates - Based on 1999 ICR data (1100 boilers & 80 tests) - Results by category (e.g., bituminous coal, cold-side ESP) - Averaged category data without coal variables - Used Sound Science - Results applicable for large data sets - Predict 48 tons Hg emissions in USA n EPRI Estimates - Based on 1999 ICR data (1100 boilers & 80 tests) - Results by category (e.g., bituminous coal, cold-side ESP) - Correlated category data on key coal variables - Used Sound Science - Results applicable for large data sets - Predict 45 tons Hg emissions in USA

10. NC-Relevant APCD Comparisons Of EPA and EPRI Hg Removal Predictions APCDEPAEPRI % Hg Removal ESP Cold-side2940 - 48 ESP Hot-side1122 - 27 ESP - Cold / FGD 7865 - 70 ESP - Hot / FGD 4065

11. EPA and EPRI Mercury Emission Projections Mercury Levels Boiler input, lb/yr Emissions, lb/yr Removal, % CurrentFutureCurrentFuture EPRI4054236514764264 EPA3989298114142566

12. EPA and EPRI Mercury Emission Projections For NC Electric Utilities

13. Mercury Emission Reduction Schedule for NC Utilities Using EPRI Correlations

14. Forecast Summary of Mercury Emission Estimates from NC Electric Utility Boilers

15. Removal Summary for Total and Speciated Mercury Mercury Removal % (Relative to Total Hg) TotalElementalOxidizedPM Current33805597 Future64749099.6

16. Tabulated Forecast Summary of Mercury Emission Estimates from NC Electric Utility Boilers Mercury Emissions, lb/yr (Rounded) Boiler input TotalElementalOxidizedPM Current402027008101800100 Future40201450104039020

17. NC Electric Utilities Hg R&D Involvement n Hosted EPA Hg CEMS Project in 2002 in NC on Bituminous Coal w/ Cold-side ESP n Contract with Leading FGD Supplier Having DOE/EPRI Hg Control Evaluation Projects n Sponsor or Co-Sponsor of DOE/EPRI Projects on Hg Control Performance - In GA with Carbon Injection - In NC with Hot-side ESP Sorbents - In NC with FGD - In NC with NOx Controls

18. Conclusions n NC Leading State For Electric Utility : - Multi Pollutant Regulations - State-of-the-art NOx & SO2 Controls - Favorable Coal for Hg Control - Significant Hg Emission Reductions, including Oxidized Hg

19. Future DAQ Plans n Continue Hg Control Evaluation - Update / Refine Emission Control Analysis n Complete 2 nd Interim CSA Report n Consider Adding MDN Site(s) in Piedmont to Assess - Wet Deposition - Benefits of FGD Scrubbers - Relationship Between Hg Emissions & Local Impact