1. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 1 Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development gendered lives

2. “There is nothing so practical as good theory.” ~ Kurt Lewin Copyright © 2004 Wadsworth

3. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 3 What is a Theory? A Way to Describe, Explain, and Predict Relationships Among Phenomena We All Use Theories to Explain What Happens Around Us

4. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 4 What Theories Are Relevant? Theories of Gender Development in Women and Men  Biological  Interpersonal  Cultural

5. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 5 Biological Theories of Gender An initial attempt at explaining gender that focuses on biological characteristics that differentiate men and women.

6. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 6 Biological Theories of Gender Chromosomal - The X and the Y Genes for Intelligence on X Genes for Social Skills on X

7. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 7 Biological Theories of Gender Chromosomal Hormonal Influences

8. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 8 Biological Theories of Gender Testosterone the Primary Male Hormone  Has a Hormonal Cycle  Linked to Violence, Aggression, and Changes in Cognitive Functioning

9. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 9 Biological Theories of Gender Estrogen the Primary Female Hormone  Positive Influence on Cardiovascular Functioning  Strengthens the Immune System  Creates Greater Deposits of Fat Around the Hips and Breasts  Slows Liver Processing of Alcohol

10. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 10 Biological Theories of Gender Chromosomal Hormonal Influences Brain Structure and Development

11. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 11 Corpus Callosum  main languagecenter  analytic thought  sequential informationprocessing  mathematical abilities  spatial recognition  holistic thought  nonverbal processing  musical ability Men and Women Use Both Lobes of the Brain, However... Men generally have greater development of the left lobe. Women tend to specialize in the right lobe. Women seem to have greater ability to use this muscle and switch from one side of the brain to the other. Corpus callosum is composed of nerves and tissues that link the lobes of the brain.

12. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 12 Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development Psychodynamic Theory Relationships Within the Family Role Modeling and Gender Identity Mothers and Daughters/Sons

13. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 13 Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development Psychological Theory Social Learning Theory Observation and Experimentation Imitation Role Modeling of Parents and Others

14. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 14 Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development Cognitive Development Theory Age 3 - Gender Constancy Children Play Active Role Motivated by Internal Desire

15. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 15 Cultural Theories of Gender Anthropology - Examples from Afar Symbolic Interactionism - G.H. Mead

16. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 16 Cultural Theories of Gender Roles for Women and Men Role is Set of Expected Behaviors Value Associated with Roles Gender Roles Internalization of Roles

17. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 17 Cultural Theories of Gender Standpoint Theory Social World Consists of Positions and Hierarchies Gender Influences Positions and Hierarchies All Perspectives on Social Life are Limited, Some More than Others

18. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 18 View the following video clip and discuss it based on the material in this chapter.

19. Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 19 gendered lives