1. Seed Quality Variety life span

2. Value Shifts Continue No longer just a seed… Planting unit Technology Vigor Protection Fiber Quality Additional Traits $$FRONT END LOADED!! IT ALL BEGINS WITH THE SEED

3. www.aragriculture.org/farmplanning/budgets/default.asp Cost of Technology – North Arkansas B2RF - $56.24 BGRR- $41.93 Flex - $43.76 B2LL - $50.40 South Arkansas B2RF - $69.68 BGRR- $54.20 Flex - $48.00 B2LL - $56.40 $15 - 20 more to add 1sd/ft

4. Standard Germination Test Temperature alternates between 20C (68F) for 16 hours and 30C (86F) for 8 hours.

5. Cool Germination Test Cool Germination Test Temperature constant 18C (64.4F)

6. Cool Germination Test  <50poor  50-65 acceptable, use special care  65-80 good  >80 superior

9. SOIL TEMPERATURE < 65 = 75 5 DAY FORECAST - COLDER & WETTER= 50 SEED QUALITY - COLD GERM < 59% = 75 FIELD HISTORY - SEVERE DISEASE = 100 TILLAGE - MINIMUM TILLAGE = 50 ROW PREPARATION - BEDS ABSENT = 75 SEEDING RATE - 3-4/FOOT OF ROW = 100 IF TOTAL EXCEEDS 100 THEN USE AN IN- FURROW FUNGICIDE - TENNESSEE; 200 - NORTH CAROLINA

10. Keith Edmisten, NCSU, 1999 Plants/ftLint lb/A Black Seed+Disyston 1 1.47 c807 b Treated Seed+Disyston1.87 bc819 b Treated Seed+Temik 2 1.97 bc923 ab Treated Seed+Disyston TSX 3 2.37 ab975 a Treated Seed+Temik + TSX 2.77 a939 a LSD 0.10 0.72118 CV(%)27.310.5

13. 1. Account for field VARIATION. 2. Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Soil D Var A 3 varieties, 1 replication, moduled plots Var B Var C

14. 1. Account for field VARIATION. 2. Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Soil D Var A, Rep 1 Var C, Rep 1 Var A, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 2Var C, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 1 Long, narrow plots are best 3 varieties, 2 replications

15. 1. Account for field VARIATION. 2. Help determine if results are REPEATABLE. Soil A Soil B Soil C Soil D Var A, Rep 1 Var C, Rep 1 Var A, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 2Var C, Rep 2 Var B, Rep 1 Long, narrow plots are best 3 varieties, 3 replications Var A, Rep 3 Var C, Rep 3 Var B, Rep 3

16. Seed Co. % Market Share BrandNC SCGA Deltapine36 7290 Stoneville29 8 1 Phytogen26 6 5 Americot 1 10 5 Dyna-Gro 6 4 0 Fibermax<1 <1 3 Reference: USDA-AMS

17. NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINAGEORGIA PHY 375WRF – 21 %DPL 555BR – 31%DPL 555BR – 83% ST 4427B2RF – 11%DPL 0935B2RF – 15% PHY 370WR – 3% ST 4554B2RF – 10%AM 1550B2RF – 10%DPL 0935B2RF – 3% DPL 0935B2RF – 8%DPL 0949B2RF – 7%DPL 0949B2RF – 2% DPL 0924B2RF – 7%DPL 0924B2RF – 6%ST 5458B2RF – 1% DPL 555BR – 6% DPL 455BR – 4%PHY 480WR – 1% DG 2570B2RF – 6%DPL 161B2RF – 4%FM 1740B2F – 1 % ST 5327B2RF – 4% DG 2570B2RF – 4%PHY 485WRF – 1 % ALL OTHERS – 27%ALL OTHERS – 19%ALL OTHERS – 5% Reference: USDA-AMS

19. NO. OF SE % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS % OF TRIALS VARIETY OVT TRIALS TOP 25% TOP 50% TOP 75% DPL 454 BR 127 72 90 98 DG 2570B2RF 14 71 93 100 DPL 555 BR 205 65 88 96 MN 09R621B2RF 14 64 86 93 DPL 515BR 75 59 80 93 DPL 455 BR 144 58 89 98 DPL 0935B2RF48 58 71 90 DPL 0920B2RF 14 57 93 100 DPL 0912B2RF 14 57 93 100 PHY 370WR 99 53 80 98

20. http://www.ncovt.com

24. VarietyLint Yield% OpenUHMMike PHY367WRF1364**481.154.4 DP0920B2RF1331*451.155.0 DP0912B2RF1328*451.125.1 DG2570B2RF1328*391.144.8 FM1740B2F1314*501.154.8 DP0924B2RF1310*321.134.8 09R621B2R21305*311.164.7 AM1550B2RF1304*431.144.6 ST5458B2RF1304*381.135.0 ST5288B2F1289*441.145.0 PHY375WRF1276*441.124.6 ST4288B2F1272*351.165.0 PHY565WRF1265*401.164.6 ST4427B2RF1261*451.164.6 ST4498B2RF1257*401.164.5 PHY370WR1252*461.105.0 CG4020B2RF1251*481.174.5

25. VarietyLint Yield% OpenUHMMike 09R619B2R21251*331.144.9 DP0949B2RF1241*341.164.7 CG3220B2RF1240*481.154.8 DP0935B2RF1225*351.124.9 ST5327B2RF1223*481.134.7 ST4554B2RF1210391.144.9 CG3520B2RF1197501.174.4 NG3331B2RF1171451.124.9 CG3020B2RF1170501.134.3 PHY5922WRF1169421.164.6 PHY485WRF1155491.184.8 DP141B2RF1130421.204.4 DP161B2RF1130331.224.5 NG4370B2RF1078381.134.6 CG3035B2RF1043451.144.6 DP174B2RF986381.194.4

27. DP09R615 DP1028B2RF DP09R550 DP1032B2RF DP09R999 DP1034B2RF DP09R605 DP1048B2RF DP09R573 DP1050B2RF

29. Darrin M. Dodds 1 C. L. Main 2, L. T. Barber 3, J. E. Woodward 4, R. Boman 4, J. Whitaker 5, K. Edmisten 6, N. W. Buehring 1, and T. Allen 1. Mississippi State University 1, The University of Tennessee 2, University of Arkansas 3, Texas AgriLife Extension Service 4, University of Georgia 5, North Carolina State University 6

31. Alternaria – lesions with brown or purple margins Older lesions have concentric rings with center falling out in some Cercospera – small red lesions that enlarge and have white to brown center Avoid all stress – esp. potassium, destruction of residue Ascochyta – light brown lesions that coalesce on leaves Lesion have dark brown borders Stemphylium - small circular brown lesions with concentric rings Older lesions have a white center which can drop out. Helminthosporium leaf spot Sciumbato 2009

32. Yield increases following fungicide application have been observed Fungicide application when hardlock occurrence is <30% is ineffective Limited utility of fungicides for control of hardlock No yield response due to foliar application Jones et al. 2008 Padgett et al. 2007 Mailhot et al. 2008 Woodward et al. 2009

33. Figure 1. Untreated cotton foliage

34. Figure 2. Quadris 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

35. Figure 3. Headline 6 oz early bloom + 6 oz 21 d.

36. Common Name Trade Name Application Timing Application Code Application Rate Kg ai ha -1 oz prod ac -1 AzoxystrobinQuadris™1 st BloomA0.1112 1 st BloomA0.116 14-21 DAAB0.116 1 st BloomA0.116 14-21 DAAB0.2212 PyraclostrobinHeadline™1 st BloomA0.1112 1 st BloomA0.116 14-21 DAAB0.116 1 st BloomA0.116 14-21 DAAB0.2212

37. LSD (0.05) = NSD Fungicide % of Untreated Check 6 Locations in 2008 and 2009 p = 0.55

38. FungicideRateMicStapleStrengthUniformity ------inches------ ------ g tex -1 ------ - ------- %------- Quadris™12 oz4.01.1630.982.4 6 + 6 oz4.01.1729.782.1 6 + 12 oz4.11.1730.583.0 Headline ™12 oz3.91.1529.682.1 6 + 6 oz4.21.1430.282.3 6 + 12 oz4.11.1429.982.3 Untreated--4.11.1530.082.5 p0.580.040.0010.1773 LSD (0.05)NS0.020.6NS

39. Seth Holt and Keith Edmisten

40. Cotton with dense canopies often requires defoliating twice – expensive In some cases, a significant portion of acres are mature enough to defoliate, however the picker may not be able to harvest all acres at one time Fromme et al., (2003) investigated preconditioning cotton for defoliation

41. Early, mild preconditioning defoliation treatments could… Promote rapid defoliation Remove older leaves for a more complete defoliation Promote an earlier harvest, cleaner fiber, reduce weathering potential

42. To investigate the effects of various hormonal and herbicidal defoliants for preconditioning cotton for defoliation To determine optimal rate(s) of these chemistries for optimal preconditioning defoliation

43. VA (2007), NC (2007 & 2008) Aggressive varieties = ST 6611 B2RF (2007) and DP 164 B2RF (2008) at 4 sd/ft on-farm location in Duplin County, NC – high moisture soils fertilized with 6 tons/A poultry litter Preconditioning treatments: Non-treated control No Preconditioning trt Prep (5.3, 10.6, 16 and 21.2 oz/A) Def (4 and 8 oz/A) ET (1 and 2 oz/A)

44. Standard defoliation treatment: Def 8 oz/A Prep 1.3 pt/A Dropp 0.1 lbs a.i. /A All preconditioning and defoliation treatments were applied with a CO 2 backpack sprayer with 110-02 flat-fan nozzles, calibrated to deliver 15 GPA Randomized complete block design containing 4 replications Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS v. 9.1.3 and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD at P < 0.05

45. F E D BC CD A B AB VA – 2007 LSD = 6.3

46. C B AB A A A NC – 2007 LSD = 10.9

47. E D C A AB BC ABC C NC - 2008 LSD = 9.1

48. C B AB A AAA All locations LSD = 6.8

49. D C B AB A NC - 2008 LSD = 7.2

50. A BC B C C NC - 2007 LSD = 11.4

51. No Preconditioning treatment Pre-treated Day of standard defoliation trt 7 days after standard defoliation trt

52. Most preconditioning treatments improved defoliation compared to no preconditioning treatment Higher rates of Prep, Def, ET may improve defoliation Likely a better strategy for thick canopies, allowing for a more efficient defoliation

53. Preconditioning improves overall defoliation and perhaps promote earlier harvest Preconditioning treatments had NO EFFECT on: -lint yield - lint percentage -fiber quality - percent open bolls on the day of standard defoliation -nodes above cracked boll in any year