1. BELLWORK Today, we are going to focus on Medieval Mesoamerica and the three civilizations that dominated the region: Maya, Inca & Aztec. Read pgs. 90-91 and answer the following: 1.Describe the background of Mayan civilization (when, where, peak, city-states, etc.) 2.Explain the Mayan religion. How did they worship their gods? 3.What advances did the Mayans make in science? 4.What advances did the Mayans make in writing? 5.Why did Mayan civilization collapse? 6.THINKER: One thing that has recently popularized the Mayans is their calendar. Some people believe the Mayans predicted the end of the world to be December 21, 2012. Do you believe this? Why might this be inaccurate?

2. 2012 Phenomenon 12/21/12 is regarded as the end-date of a 5,125 year long cycle in the Mayan Long Count Calendar. Others suggest that the 2012 date marks the end of the world or a similar catastrophe. Scenarios suggested for the end of the world include the arrival of a solar maximum, or Earth's collision with an object such as a black hole, a passing asteroid, or a planet called “Nibiru” Professional Mayan scholars state that predictions of collapse are NOT found in any of the classic Mayan accounts, and that the idea that the Long Count Calendar “ends” in 2012 “misrepresents Mayan history and culture.” Most historians believe that this date marks the end of an era, and the beginning of a new one Long CountJulian Calendar correlation 13.0.0.0.0August 11, 3114 BCE 1.0.0.0.0November 13, 2720 BCE 2.0.0.0.0February 16, 2325 BCE 3.0.0.0.0May 21, 1931 BCE 4.0.0.0.0August 23, 1537 BCE 5.0.0.0.0November 26, 1143 BCE 6.0.0.0.0February 28, 748 BCE 7.0.0.0.0June 3, 354 BCE 8.0.0.0.0September 5, 41 CE 9.0.0.0.0December 9, 435 10.0.0.0.0March 13, 830 11.0.0.0.0June 15, 1224 12.0.0.0.0September 18, 1618 13.0.0.0.0December 21, 2012 14.0.0.0.0March 26, 2407 15.0.0.0.0June 28, 2801 16.0.0.0.0October 1, 3195 17.0.0.0.0January 3, 3590 18.0.0.0.0April 7, 3984 19.0.0.0.0July 11, 4378 1.0.0.0.0.0October 13, 4772

3. Ruins in Telum, Mexico

4. Ruins in Coba, Mexico (Cancun)

11. Hundred Years’ War: History Frame Since we briefly went over the Hundred Years’ War yesterday, we are going to review the conflict and its main points. Complete the History Frame using your notes and pgs. 149- 150 Use my guidelines on the board!

12. Native American Empires The Mayan collapse started in the 900’s AD, but by 1300, there was no trace left. From the 1300s to the 1500s, two powerful civilizations ruled areas of Mexico, Central & South America: The Aztec and Inca Both were late-comers to power, but within 200 years they transformed themselves into huge empires. They developed highly centralized governments, became productive farmers, builders, and artisans.

14. Aztec Ancient civilization made up of nomadic hunters and warriors who migrated into central Mexico in 1200s. Capital – Tenochtitlan Their capital was an agricultural center and marketplace (caused increase in population) Used chinampas: artificial islands for farming A network of canals and bridges connected the mainland with the capital city. At the center of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec built impressive pyramids, temples, and palaces.

17. Aztec The Aztec expanded their empire by making good alliances and conquering rivals. Their civilization was organized as a hierarchy: divisions based on authority. –Emperor, nobility, commoners, serfs, and slaves Religion was the most important: believed human sacrifices made the gods happy. Aztec civilization ended when Spanish forces invaded and conquered their land in 1521.

19. Inca The Inca began as a small tribe competing for fertile land in the Andes.The Inca began as a small tribe competing for fertile land in the Andes. Established Cuzco as their capitalEstablished Cuzco as their capital In 1438, Pachacuti came to power.In 1438, Pachacuti came to power. He expanded the borders to include Peru, Chile, and parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina.He expanded the borders to include Peru, Chile, and parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina.

21. Inca Pachacuti created a strong central government that allowed local rulers to control territories.Pachacuti created a strong central government that allowed local rulers to control territories. Established an imperial language called Quechua.Established an imperial language called Quechua. The Inca emperor regulated the lives of common people.The Inca emperor regulated the lives of common people. The Inca believed in many gods and had a variety of ceremonies to please them (human, animal, food sacrifices)The Inca believed in many gods and had a variety of ceremonies to please them (human, animal, food sacrifices) Inca civilization ended with the Spanish conquering South America in 1531.Inca civilization ended with the Spanish conquering South America in 1531.

24. CLOSURE What was the capital of the Aztec? What was it used for?What was the capital of the Aztec? What was it used for? How was Aztec civilization organized?How was Aztec civilization organized? Who was Pachacuti? What did he do for the Inca civilization?Who was Pachacuti? What did he do for the Inca civilization? How did both groups practice religion?How did both groups practice religion? How did these civilizations come to an end?How did these civilizations come to an end?