1. Ranching Dawn on a New Frontier Barry Irving SRM-IMS 2011 Fall Meeting

3. Fur Trade Agriculture Metis Extirpation of Canadian Bison Large Scale Ranching Need to feed “new” British Citizens B.C. was exception. Gold was catapult

4. Criminal Origins  1650 Henry Hudson  1659 Radisson and Grosseillers  1670 Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson’s Bay  Mandated to explore the interior and find a route to the Pacific

5. Internal Competition  Bay Company Forts  1690 Henry Kelsey  Free Traders  1754 Anthony Henday  1760 Methy Portage  1780 Nootka Sound  1782 NorthWest Company

6. Contrasting Company Philosophy  Live like and with the Aboriginal population = creation of mixed culture and lifestyle  Live a European lifestyle = Need for local agriculture  1820 Exhausted companies become one

7. Agriculture Comes to the Manitoba  Lord Selkirk purchase  1811 Scots land at York Factory  2 beefs in a canoe  Cattle population of Rupert’s Land expands to 6  1820 – 23 Michael Dousman Drives

8. Canadian Bison Extirpated  Bison meat feeds the fur trade  1874 Red River Hunt pushes the bison frontier  1870 Hide trade started  1877 Custer defeated  Horse riding hunters  1880 Canadian bison extirpated Fort Benton

9. B.C. Catapulted to Cattle  1858 Joel Palmer drives food to Cariboo  1865 1 st breeding stock driven in  1868 Gold rush fizzles  1876 Cattle exported

10. Alberta’s Missionary Ranchers  1862 Mcdougall makes an observation  1873 Stoney mission originated  Cattle stolen twice in the night  Cattle flourished in the chinook zone of the Eastern Slopes

11. Whiskey, Police, and Treaty 7  1874 NWMP arrive  1876 Emerson and Lynch  1877 Treaty 7  Canada chooses food over fight

12. Canada’s Golden Ranching Era  1881 Order in Council establishes a grazing lease system Senator Mathew Cochrane goes ranching  Numerous big ranches follow  1896 Liberals sweep political power  1906/07 Winter ends speculation

13. The Liberal Settlement Policy  Farming = Consumption Consumption = Economy One way trade favoured  2 Contrasting Expeditions  1857 Palliser  1872 Macoun  Most of western Canada settled by 1920