1. BINGO hierarchytrophic interaction web diversity functional group keystone sp Caulerpa taxifolia trophic facilitation indirect species accumulatio n silenesessileSGH primary consumers tertiary consumers interaction strength defenceshabitat ecosystem engineer richnessbeaverbiodiversitymycorrhizae physical characters

2. BINGO foundation sp cheatersomnivoreguilddiversity soil moisturesynergisticdefencesacaciasstructure biodiversity tolerance model secondary interaction strength alternative stable state evennessrarefaction trophic cascade primary consumers successionstress interaction strength rank abundance keystone

3. BINGO rarefactionhysteresisSGHindirect competitive network target interaction web obligative rank abundance composition cheaters commensali sm diversity natural experiment SGHsymbiosisbeavertrophic Caulerpa taxifolia hierarchykeystonerarefaction functional group nurse plant

4. BINGO indirect ecosystem engineer cheaterssoil moistureomnivore structurestressmutualismbiodiversity Arbuscular mycorrhizae nurse plantobligative tertiary consumers rank abundance commensali sm acaciaspenalty interaction web evenness rank abundance synergistichysteresis Caulerpa taxifolia positive interactions

5. BINGO interaction web structurefacultativeneutral rarefactionrichnessacacias tertiary consumers trophic trophic cascade biodiversityRNESGH silene interaction strength evennessomnivore physical characters Arbuscular mycorrhizae soil moisture ecosystem engineer species accumulatio n facilitation

6. BINGO primary consumers competitive network trophic facilitation targetneutral successioncheaterscompositiondiversityguild habitat foundation sp indirectsoil moisture inhibition model hierarchysessile facilitation model ecosystem engineer functional group rank abundance alternative stable state penaltydiversity