1. RICH UPGRADE PROJECT STATUS REPORT 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Genova and INFN on behalf of the RICH group

2. Outline A necessarily incomplete and biased selection of topics.  Common components to RICH1 and RICH2:  MAPMT, BaseBoard, CLARO/FEB, BackBoard, MagneticShield (MS), + case  …ElementaryCell (EC);  EC + PDMDB + column structure  … PhotoDetectorModule (PDM).  PhotoDetectorAssembly (PDA) Mechanics/Thermal engineering:  RICH2, well advanced design;  RICH1, working hard, more challenging design (constraints).  HV, LV, signal; grounding and shielding.  Irradiation test program.  QA.  Test Beam. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 2

3. The photo-sensors: MAPMT  Hamamatsu R11265 (  one inch, 64 px): RICH1 AND RICH2;  “Small PMT”.  Hamamatsu R12699 (  two inch, 64 px): RICH2 ONLY;  “Large PMT”. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 3

4. R11265 characterization  Several devices were tested.  All devices were able to detect single photons in almost all pixels. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 4

5. R11265 characterization  Typical gain uniformity: 2.5÷3.5 (pix to pix and tube to tube).  Low dark current rate: ∼ 60 Hz/cm 2.  Low cross-talk amplitude: ∼ 5 % with a fast bipolar shape.  Effects of magnetic field recovered by a magnetic shield.  According to the manufacturer the gain variation strongly depends on the thickness of the cesium layer grown on the dynodes surface (a parameter hard to keep under control during the production).  Hard to define a typical device behavior (both positive and negative gain variation observed: ΔG ≅ ∓ 20% after 3000 h).  Aging data from Hamamatsu are ok for us. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 5

6. MaPMT R12699 (H12700)  To be used in the outer part of the RICH2.  Four devices have been tested so far:  2 tubes equipped with the embedded socked: H12700;  2 tubes without socket and biased though a custom made voltage divider (standard voltage ratio): R12699.  It is being used at CBM RICH DETECTOR, FAIR lab in Darmstadt. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 6 FeatureR12699 Geometrical dimension 52×52 mm 2 Photocathode minimum active area 48.5×48.5 mm 2 Number of pixel and dimension 64 / 6×6 mm 2

7. The CLARO chip fast single photon counting with PMT 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 7

8. 8 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. The CLARO chip  0.35 µm CMOS technology from ams.  Rad tolerant up to ≈ 1 MRad (10 kGy), ≈ 10 13 cm -2 1-MeV equivalent neutrons.  Thresholds ranges from 30 ke- to 15 Me-.  ≈ 1 mW/channel power consumption.  < 25 ns recovery time.  8 channels per chip.

9. CLARO8v2 – design  Aiming to build the best detector possible, within the constraints, a new version of the chip, CLARO8v2, was submitted in April.  Improvements with respect to the previous versions:  improved channel-to-channel matching;  larger (6x) test capacitors to inject test signals up to 4 Me- with 1 V test signals;  adjusted attenuation settings: from 1, 1/4, 1/7, 1/10 to 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8;  configuration register redesigned for compatibility with rad- hard cells;  power-on reset to switch on the chip in a known state;  additional measures to enhance yield. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 9

10. CLARO8v2 – channel matching 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 10 CLARO8v0 CLARO8v1 CLARO8v2

11. FEB housing 8 CLARO chips  New FEB and BackBoard have been designed to be compatible with the changes of the CLARO8v2.  They are still compatible with previous versions of the CLARO and with the existing data acquisition hardware for beam test.  A very dense board… 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 11

12. A partially assembled EC 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 12

13. BackBoard  Every PCB is also a structural element and part of the passive cooling system.  Jumper between signal ground and chassis  Metallization of the mounting holes.  Creation of copper filler areas.  Improvements to electrical design. 09-06-2015 @CERN 13 Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.

14. EC (no MS) exploded view 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 14

15. EC front-view (no MS) 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 15

16. EC back-view (no MS) 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 16

17. Behavior of the R11265 MAPMT in magnetic fields 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 17 Efficiency: number of events for a given B-field strength normalized to the number of events at zero B-field. Efficiency curves averaged over all pixels of the R11265 and the R7600 as a function of the magnetic field applied in both transverse directions (x and y) and in the longitudinal direction (z).

18. Magnetic shield 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 18

19. Behavior of the R11265 MAPMT in magnetic fields with magnetic shield 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 19

20. MS prototypes made at CERN preliminary results  Longitudinal B field: similar performance, efficiency≥ 90%;  Transverse B field: slightly better performance of full shield, efficiency≥ 95%. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 20

21. PDMDB Digital Electronic Board for a PDM  The limited number of sample components is not enough to make one fully-assembled PDMDB.  Aim for a partially-assembled module modules using DCDC, GBTX, VTTX, VTRX & GBT-SCA samples.  Design & layout is underway:  motherboard with Kintex7;  two different plugins, ECS & DAQ;  motherboard could be made with production PDMDB geometry: it would allow mechanical and thermal studies.  May need to replace the PDMDB due to radiation damage, after a certain number of years of operation.  Using sub-modules might be a benefit for the production. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 21

22. 7 RICH2 thermo/mechanics  Structure composed by a cooled aluminum structural bar.  Support for harness coupled to cold bar. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 22

23. RICH2 column first prototypes AW5083 cast aluminum alloy plate 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 23

24. Housing of the EC and PDMDB 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 24

25.  Overall dissipation per EC:  15 W/EC (total).  Cooling of CLARO and BaseBoard depends on the conductivity of PCB and connectors. Conductivity of connectors?  A factor  1000 between the conductivities of Cu and FR4: small quantities of copper changes dramatically the expected conductivity and thermal simulation results.  Neglected: contact resistances, convection, irradiation… Thermal Conduction simulation 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 25

26. Both ducts with cylindrical inserts to leave 1 mm thick anular x-section... Two ducts, 8 and 18 mm diam... Larger duct quite inefficient.. Very preliminary CFD simulations (duct to coolant thermal exchange)  To reduce gradient 2 or more ducts shall be fluxed in opposite directions.  Large ducts: low speed and coolant stratification: inefficient exchange.  Ducts cross section to be modified to reduce stratification and increase exchange coefficient (e.g. inserts). 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 26

27. RICH2 PDA layout 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 27

28. Converging on a RICH1 engineering design  Large boost in the last months, regular meetings.  The intention is to design the RICH1 photon detector region to allow an emergency intervention in a short technical stop of 5÷7 days (e.g. to replace EC).  Optical design finalized (i.e. fine tuned) via iterations taking into account a realistic engineering design.  Position of the photo-detector plane: now closer to beam line.  Mirror radius of curvature adjusted (3800 mm  3650 mm).  Quartz window position: at around its position in current RICH1.  The iron shielding box will be shaved by around ~70 mm (with gas enclosure tapered from 30 mm to 10 mm).  Converging on an open geometry for MAPMT housing.  Can remove about 20 mm (10mm) from the top (bottom) of the flat mirrors without any loss. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 28

29. Re-Using RICH2 components RICH1 will inherit as much of the RICH2 design as possible. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 29

30. One Option 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 30

31. Current option 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 31

32. Patch Panel End 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 32

33. Cooling system end 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 33

34. Column insertion 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 34

35. RICH1 engineering summary status  Also good progress on the development of the gas enclosure, photon funnel, quartz window, exit window, mirrors and mounts.  Things are progressing quite nicely, although no room for complacency.  EDRs still on schedule for the end of the year. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 35

36. SYSTEM: grounding/shielding  Started investigating closely grounding and shielding issues.  HV and signal are coupled.  HV and LV couple different EC/PDM.  Kick-off meeting sponsored by Ken with a CERN G/S expert (Georges Blanchot).  Analyzed PDA at system level and decided architecture aiming at minimizing EMI at design level.  The required improvements have been implemented into the design. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 36

37. Past irradiation tests  CLARO-CMOS chip (4 channels prototype):  23 MeV neutrons (Louvain);  X-rays (50 kV tube, Legnaro);  60 MeV protons (Krakow).  CLARO8v0 chip:  28 MeV protons (Legnaro).  Hamamatsu UV-glass and borosilicate windows:  28 MeV protons (Legnaro).  BaseBoard and HV cables:  CHARM facility (CERN).  CLARO8v1 chip:  Ions (Louvain and Legnaro);  28 MeV protons (Legnaro).  MAROC3 chip  13 MeV protons and X-rays (Bucharest). 37 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.

38. Future irradiation tests  CLARO8v2 (SEE and total ionizing dose).  PDMDB (test of FPGA +memory, radiation tolerance).  MAPMT (degradation of QE, gain, uniformity; unfold window transmittance).  Other EC single components.  Complete PDM (EC + PDMDB).  Other thermo/mechanical and optical components. 38 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.

39. QA workshop in Edinburgh (april 2015)  Comprehensive review of Quality Assurance (QA):  photo-sensors (MAPMT);  CLARO chip;  FEB & CLARO;  full EC;  data-bases, logistics, integration, commissioning, …  Emphasis on discussions:  schedules;  procedural and technical solutions;  manpower….  Outcome:  agreed plans: all players are pulling in the same direction! 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 39

40. What will be tested  MAPMT: full characterization: tube & pixel gain (HV) (at low and high illumination rate), dark counts, peak-to-valley ratio, signal loss, cross-talk, relative light yield (for some tubes: QE).  CLARO: currents, configure, readback, test pulse, charge injection.  FEB: s-curves for test pulse and charge injection (yielding thresholds and offsets).  EC: threshold scans with constant pulsed illumination at nominal HV (yielding optimum attenuation/threshold for each pixel).  Column functionality tests: communication and configuration fully functional, dark counts, signal from illumination at nominal HV.  Commissioning:  initial configuration from QA results, HV scans with dark counts and illumination, threshold/attenuation scans with target HV;  refinement of configuration. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 40

41. Workflow / Logistics shipments: by industry electronic components Photon Detectors no shipment needed ECs CERN site to pit LHCb QA centres CERN Industry R11265 & R12669 production CLARO chip production FEB production Base Board production EC mechanics production FerraraMilanoKrakow CERN LHCb pit EC Assembly EC QA FEB QA Hamamatsu?? ? ?  -metal Assembly Commissioning Column Functionality Test Edinburgh Padova Photon Detector QA CLARO QA Genova FEB QA CLARO QA* FEB QA BB QA CLARO QAmech QA? EC Assembly: 2x2 R11265 1x1 H12699 * = outsourced EC Mounting on Columns + Digital Boards Cambridge +  -metal CERN? DB QA Back Board production ? BB QA 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 41

42. Column Assembly and Commissioning 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 42

43. Test-Beam 2014  An easy and robust concept was developed.  Cherenkov light was immediately observed.  We learnt many things, but still a lot to learn…  A paper is being written. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 43  At first the light is totally internal reflected  Reflective layer on the spherical surface  Absorber layer to choose the photons created in 1 cm of material.

44. Photo of one TB module. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 44

45. Defining procedures of threshold scan 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 45

46. RICH testbeam 2015  Follow the same concept as 2014.  Main objectives:  Test CLARO8v2  Reach lower threshold Understand better detection efficiency  Test a bigger system More/full elementary cells  Test under different loads/temperatures  Test prototype mechanics?  If time allows:  Test with gas radiator. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 46

47. New full circular lens 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 47  A few materials were investigated for lenses: Glass, Quartz, LiF, CaF2; different sizes and radiuses.  Although with some materials a better resolution can be achieved, the dominant part is always the pixel size.  Borosilicate glass is cheap and readily available.

48. First concept 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 48

49. RICH upgrade status summary  Tests of both types of MAPMT are continuing (R11265 and R12699).  BaseBoard for MAPMT ready for pre-production; case in pre-production.  CLARO8v2.0 submitted beginning of April; back mid-August.  FEB and BackBoard design finalized.  Last adjustments to all EC components, following EDR and TB.  Study/definition of grounding/shielding scheme (LV, HV, Signal, safety…).  Design of components for the low-occupancy parts of RICH2 (R12699) started.  Prototypes of column thermo/mechanics are ready.  Cooling studies/design started.  RICH1 challenging engineering is progressing fast; optical layout fine-tuned.  Irradiation program on-going.  QA and tests facilities sorted out; labs are setting-up.  Paper on 2014 TB 2014 is being written; preparing for the test beams of 2015.  Inventory/Bookkeeping/Connectivity DB is being built.  Infrastructure Document for Technical Coordination being finalized.  Order for MAPMT and common components will soon go out. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 49

50. The End  Good progress all over the project.  Schedule and Milestones are being tuned, in agreement and via negotiations with the management, to also take into account external (varying) schedules. 09-06-2015 @CERN Alessandro Petrolini Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN. 50