1. Electronics for PS and LHC transformers Grzegorz Kasprowicz Supervisor: David Belohrad AB-BDI-PI Technical student report

2. Why new PS transformers electronics is needed?  Current calibration procedure doesn't allow full scale calibration on the low sensitivity range -> source of error  It does not support remote adjustments (required by LHC)  Calibrators work only in manual mode – require operator in place they are installed during calibration procedure

3. PS integrators – following conceptions were built and tested  Analogue integrator solution based on diode switches and high speed OPAMPs  Analogue integrator solution based on IVC102U integrated chip  Digital solution based on High Speed ADCs

4. Analogue integrators prototype board

5. Analogue integrator 1  This version was implemented using diode switches driven by current switches.  The linearization block that compensates diode switches nonlinearities was used  High speed voltage feedback opamps were used  Linearity results meet PS needs

6. Integrator 1 linearity results

7. Analogue integrator 2  Based on IVC102U chip, which integrates operational amplifier, switches and capacitors.  Too slow for PS application – minimum integration time is ~30us while 5us is needed – it saturates output when clocked too fast.

8. Digital integrator  Existing project PCBs (CCD camera) were used. It consists of: FPGA, 8051 microcontroller with USB 2.0 interface, SDRAM memory, power supply, 2x 12bit 210MS/s ADC, configuration and program EEPROM, input amplifiers.  The input signal is sampled and integral over specified period is calculated digitally in FPGA. Then the result is stored in RAM and transferred to PC via USB

9. Digital integrator prototype board - existing project was used 2x ADC 12bits 210MHz FPGA USB+ 8051 Program EEPROM USB Connector

10. Digital integrator – linearity results

11. Digital Integrator  Linearity measured meets PS requirements, but there is expected further improvement caused by proper clocking and noise.  This version was chosen to realization as final prototype due to it’s simplicity, reliability and measurement parameters.

12. Digital integrator - advantages  No precision analog components required, only input amplifier, Low Pass Filter and ADC driver  Linearity guaranteed by ADC  Good thermal stability  Simplicity – fewer component count that improves reliability  Thanks to FPGA, function of device can be changed remotely

13. Linearity measurement test bench  Integrators 1 and 2 were connected to digital integrator board to simplify measurements  Simple control application working under Windows was written to allow easy control of integrators parameters and results acquisition

14. Testbench

15. Control application

16. PS Calibrators – following conceptions were built and tested PS Calibrators – following conceptions were built and tested  Charge calibrator with 200V DC/DC converter  Current calibrator – switched current source 4A/200V

17. PS charge calibrator  How does it work?  Disadvantages  Newer version of existing calibrator – instead of mechanical switch, MOSFET was used. This allows remote operation  Integrated 12V/300V DC/DC converter that simplifies supply

18. Charge calibrator prototype

19. PS current calibrator  How does it work?  Disadvantages  There was built adjustable pulse current source – 0..4A / 50 Ohm  Switch on/off time <100ns  Problems with thermal stability, linearity and transients occurred – improved solution with compensation was developed  Prototype was built using discrete components (transistors only), improved version uses CFA and MOS drivers

20. PS current calibrator

21. VME Intensity measurement system for PS  Compact single board solution based on VME bus  Integrated current/charge calibrator  Integrated HV DC/DC converter  Based on FPGA technology ensures high flexibility  Two high speed ADCs working in parallel  System can be used for another data acquisition applications  All functions and adjustments controlled remotely: - Integration delay, gate time - Integration delay, gate time - calibration delay, pulse width, gate time & delay - calibration delay, pulse width, gate time & delay - offset compensation gate& delay, analogue compensation - offset compensation gate& delay, analogue compensation - calibrators voltage and current - calibrators voltage and current - …. - ….

22. VME board block schematic FPGABUFFERS ADC 12bit 210Ms/s ADC 12bit 210Ms/s Input Filter And Attenuator VME IN Power Supply 1.5V 2.5V 3.3V 5V -5V programmable DC/DC 12V/200V converter Current calibrator – Programmable pulse current Source – 0..4A,max 200V Charge calibrator Switched capacitor OUT I OUT Q

23. VME integrator parameters  VME 32bit interface  FPGA 6k Logic Elements  2xADC 12 bit,210Ms/s with LVDS  All VME signals are buffered  HV DC/DC converter 0..200V programmable range with output voltage monitor  Pulse current source 0..4A programmable range  10.5 ENOB with 50 Ohm input short  Linearity better than 0.2%  Offset compensation (analog and digital)

24. VME integrator - prototype FPGA Bus buffers LPF 2x ADC 12bit,210MS Supply regulators DC/DC converter Calibrators

25. VME board – final version

26. VME measurement system status  The new board is assembled and soon will be ready for tests  The single test software running on VME controller is written  The software group (M.Ludwig, J.J.Gras) is working on drivers

27. VME board – final version  Ready-made PCB shielding used  Compensated current calibrator  Current feedback controller in DC/DC converter  Test outputs on the front panel  Status LEDs on the front panel  Polymer fuses added  Board address selection switch  Fixed minor bugs

28. Fast integrator for LHC  Existing integrated (LHC-2002) requires using 2 or more channels to achieve 30dB of dynamic range. The improvement of dynamic range gives the possibility to use one measurement range only  Low input voltage range  Too high input voltage causes chip damage  There is under development discrete solution

29. Fast integrator for LHC – version 1  Based on diode switches driven by transformers  2 versions of diode drivers built and tested (integrated and discrete one)  High speed VFA and CFA tested – problems with stability occurred  Discrete version of CFA developed – problem with output range and power dissipation of used transistors  Problem with too high reset time

30. Fast integrator for LHC – version 1

31. Fast integrator for LHC – version 2  Solved problem with power limitation of transistors and output voltage range  Still too high reset time (ECL logic used)  Diodes replaced by MOSFET  SRD solves problems with reset time – still under development

32. Fast integrator for LHC – version 2 - block schematic ECL timing Current follower IN OUT Pulse trafo CLK

33. Fast integrator for LHC – version 2

34. Fast integrator for LHC – version 3

35. LHC integrator testbench  Based on Cyclone FPGA Development KIT  Small mezzanine module was developed  14bit, 60MS ADC + drivers  It was used to measure integrator’s linearity

36. LHC integrator testbench

37. LHC integrator linerity

38. The following projects are currently under development  VME Intensity measurement system for PS  Fast integrator for LHC (alternative for existing integrated solution)