1. Active Lecture Questions for BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition Neil Campbell & Jane Reece Questions prepared by Ruth Buskirk, University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. In animal diets, essential amino acids are which of these? a)all the amino acids required to make proteins b)all the amino acids that cannot be made from organic nitrogen compounds c)all the organic compounds containing amino groups d)all the amino acids that can be obtained from plant foods e)all the amino acids that can be obtained from animal foods

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Which of the following is an adaptive advantage of having a complete digestive tract that is not true for a gastrovascular cavity with one opening? a)Extracellular digestion can occur. b)Teeth and tentacles can help with ingestion. c)It allows more surface area for absorption. d)It allows organization into specialized compartments. e)It allows elimination of undigested wastes.

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. In humans, the first opportunity for ingested food to be broken down by hydrolysis is in the a)mouth. b)stomach. c)liver. d)small intestine. e)large intestine.

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Which of the following is directly caused by the hydrochloric acid (pH 2) in the stomach cavity? a)hydrolysis of polypeptides into amino acids b)hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol c)activation of pepsinogen into pepsin enzyme d)initial development of stomach ulcers e)secretion of mucus and constant production of new epithelial cells

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. The hormone secretin controls digestion by which mechanism? a)In response to acidic chyme entering the small intestine, secretin is released into the intestinal lumen. b)In response to fat-rich chyme entering the small intestine, secretin triggers the release of bile into the intestinal lumen. c)Secretin in the blood triggers the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate. d)Secretin in the blood triggers the stomach to speed up digestion. e)Secretin produced by stomach cells travels in the blood and activates other stomach cells.

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. What is the role of bile salts in fat digestion? a)hydrolyzing fat molecules in globules to glycerol and fatty acids b)separating individual fat molecules from each other c)dissolving fats in water d)preventing small fat droplets from coalescing into larger globules e)triggering the activation of lipases from the pancreas

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. If we follow a fatty acid that is absorbed into an intestinal epithelial cell, we would find it doing all of the following except which one? a)being synthesized into a triglyceride in the epithelial cell b)entering a lacteal vessel as a chylomicron c)entering a blood vessel as a chylomicron d)being incorporated into chylomicrons in the epithelial cell e)exiting the epithelial cell by exocytosis of the chylomicron

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. What is the adaptive function of specialized digestive tract chambers in vegetarian animals like cows and horses? a)to maintain low pH for stomach enzymes b)for entry of bile and pancreatic enzymes c)for storage of partially digested plant material d)for symbiotic bacteria required for cellulose digestion e)for consolidation of undigested waste before defecation

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All of the following are part of our appetite control system, except which one? a)An empty stomach secretes a hormone that triggers hunger. b)The small intestine, after a meal, secretes hormones that suppress appetite. c)High levels of leptin, produced by fat cells, suppress appetite. d)The brain is sensitive to levels of the circulating leptin hormone. e)An activated leptin receptor triggers the hunger response.

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. In response to a drop in blood glucose below normal levels, what mechanisms (more than one might be true) are triggered to get more sugar into the blood and restore normal glucose levels? a)Insulin is released into circulation and, in response, body cells take in and use up glucose. b)Glucagon is released into circulation and, in response, liver cells release glucose into the blood. c)Secretin is released into circulation and, in response, the pancreas secretes amylases into the intestine. d)CCK is released into circulation and, in response, enzymes and bile are released into the intestine. e)Amylase enzymes are released into circulation and, in response, starches in the blood are digested to glucose.