1. Animal Nutrition
Chapter 41

2. Types of Consumers
Heterotrophic animals get energy, organic building blocks, and essential nutrients from their diet

3. Homeostasis: balancing the energy “budget”

4. Maintaining a Balance of Blood Sugar
Recognize the negative feedback loop that control blood glucose levels
If too high?
If too low?

5. Diet must also provide Essential Nutrients
Essential Amino Acids
How many?
Why?
Which ones?

6. Vitamins vs. Minerals What’s the difference?
Using Table 41.1, be able to link vitamins and minerals with cellular processes.
Be the doctor! Case Studies for nutrient deficiencies

10. Feeding Types: Structure Meets Function
Explain the adaptations of:
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Explain the Adaptations of:
Suspension feeders
Substrate feeders
Deposit-feeders
Fluid-feeders
Bulk-feeders

11. Feeding Adaptations

12. Mechanisms for food processing in animals
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
FACT OR FICTION?
When I’m really hungry I sometimes exclaim, “My stomach is digesting my leg!”

13. Comparative Anatomy Intracellular Digestion Extracellular digestion
What adaptations does a paramecium have to digest food?
Extracellular digestion
Biodiversity of structural adaptations
gastrointestinal cavity vs. alimentary canal
crop, gizzard, or stomach?
intestines
anus

14. Gastrovascular Cavity vs. Alimentary Canal

15. Comparative Digestive Anatomy

16. Human Digestion
It is your responsibility to learn the sequence and function of primary and accessory digestive organs (see Fig 41.9).
We will discuss these organs in relation to enzyme production and digestion

17. How does HCl aid in digestion?
Why are so many
digestive enzymes secreted in an inactive form?

18. Digestive Enzymes: Could you describe how a Happy Meal is broken down?
Figure
Fat digestion
Nucleic acid digestion
Protein digestion
Fat (triglycerides)
DNA, RNA
Nucleotides
Pancreatic
nucleases
Pancreatic lipase
Glycerol, fatty acids,
monoglycerides
Nucleotidases
Nucleosides
Nucleosidases
and
phosphatases
Nitrogenous bases,
sugars, phosphates
Amino acids
Dipeptidases, carboxy-
peptidase, and
aminopeptidase
Small peptides
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase
Smaller
polypeptides
Pancreatic trypsin and
chymotrypsin
Small polypeptides
Proteins
Pepsin
Carbohydrate digestion
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Salivary amylase
polysaccharides
Maltose
Pancreatic amylases
Disaccharidases
Monosaccharides
Small
intestine
(enzymes
from
epithelium)
pancreas)
Stomach
Oral cavity,
pharynx,
esophagus

19. Structure Meets Function
Absorption: Intestinal Villi, Lacteal
Digestion associated with type of diet. The cecum (appendix)

20. Hormonal Control of Digestion Figure 41.19
3 Hormones:
Gastrin-- stretch stimulates release, targets production of gastric juices
Secretin--release of bicarbonate from pancreas
CCK--release of bile from liver 1 2 3
Food
Bile
Liver
Stomach
Secretin
and CCK
Chyme 
Gastric
juices
Gastrin 
Gastric
juices
Gallbladder
CCK 
Pancreas
HCO3, enzymes
Duodenum
of small intestine
Secretin 
CCK 
Key 
Stimulation
Inhibition
Figure 41.19 

21. Nervous Control of Digestion Figure 41.21
Satiety
center
Enteric division control digestive organs
Stimulation or suppression of hunger
Role of genes in appetite and weight control?
Ghrelin 
Insulin 
Leptin 
PYY 
Figure 41.21

22. Check out the unit and online review
Veins to heart
Mouth
Stomach
Esophagus
Lymphatic system
Lipids
Absorbed food
(except lipids)
Hepatic portal vein
Absorbed
water
Liver
Secretions
from salivary
glands
from gastric
Small intestine
Secretions from liver
Secretions from pancreas
Rectum
Anus
Large
intestine
Figure 41.UN01
Figure 41.UN01 Summary figure, Concept 41.3 22

23. Check out the unit and online review
Figure 41.UN01 Summary figure, Concept 41.3 23