2. Enlightenment & Exploration I.Intro II.Enlightenment A.Philosophes 1.Common Beliefs 2.Science 3.Government III.Age of Discovery A.Spain B.France C.England IV.Conc. Key Terms Immanuel Kant Isaac Newton John Locke Compact Theory Spirit of the Laws Montesquieu Deism Cortéz Ponce de León de La Salle Jamestown John Smith French/Indian War

3. Enlightenment German Philosopher He “defined” the Enlightenment Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

4. Common Beliefs 1.Question EVERYTHING & apply rational/ scientific thought to the world 2. Deism

5. Deism (Religious Philosophy) Saw God as a “divine watchmaker” who created the universe but then never interfered on earth again Supported religious toleration & freedom Both Jefferson & Franklin were influenced by Deism

6. Science “Discovered” the law of gravity. Explained how the Universe was organized by using rational laws. Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

7. Government Compact Theory 1.All have natural rights of life, liberty & property. 2.To protect rights, people establish a government with limited powers. 3.The people have the right to revolt if the government oversteps its powers. John Locke (1632-1704)

8. Government Goal: Protect people’s liberty from the government How: “Power should be a check to power…” Montesquieu(1689-1755)

9. Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

10. Separation of Powers/ US Constitution Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

11. Spanish Explorer Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) “Discovered” America

12. Hernando Cortés Found wealth at Aztec city of Tenochtitlán. Successfully conquered Aztecs. (1485-1547) Led 500 soldiers who landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1519.

13. Another Spanish Explorer Ponce de León (1450-1521) Explored Florida; others established St. Augustine (first European settlement in the US).

14. French Explorer Explored & established posts along the Mississippi. He named the region that he explored... In honor of his king (Louis XIV) LOUISIANA Robert Cavalier Sieur (Lord) De La Salle (1643-1687)

15. French Explorer A fur trader/explorer. Founded Fort Detroit (1701) which eventually flourished as a fur trading post. Antoine Cadillac (1658-1730)

16. English Settlements Jamestown, VA (1607) The first “successful” permanent English settlement in North America

17. Jamestown’s Troubles May 1607144 Settlers January 160838 left alive John Smith December 1608200 Settlers June 1609188 left alive December 1609 500 Settlers Smith Leaves May 1610 100 Settlers

18. Economic Boom Tobacco Plant

19. Tobacco Dominates Economy & Life Smokers in England Cultivating Tobacco

20. Population of North America in 1750 French 50,000 English1,200,000

21. Years Of Warfare King William’s War (1689-1697) Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) King George’s War (1744-1748) French/Indian War (1754-1763) Destruction of Lower Town, Quebec, by English Bombardment by Richard Short, 1759 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

22. French/Indian War (1754-1763) French & Indian Allies vs. British & Indian Allies French & British fought for control of North America. Eventually, France was defeated & was kicked out of North America.

23. North America after the French/Indian War France lost its overseas empire.

24. Enlightenment & Exploration I.Intro II.Enlightenment A.Philosophes 1.Common Beliefs 2.Science 3.Government III.Age of Discovery A.Spain B.France C.England IV.Conc. Key Terms Immanuel Kant Isaac Newton John Locke Compact Theory Spirit of the Laws Montesquieu Deism Cortéz Ponce de León de La Salle Jamestown John Smith French/Indian War