2. Dravya Guna Paryay

3. Not an expert. Intent : Share thoughts, Seek perspective & Improve thought process. So, please forgive any errors.

4. Universe Why do we need to know ….. Who am I ? What is life / how it starts ? - forms : microscopic to largest known. What is universe ? How big it is ? Are we alone in this universe? - search on other planets, solar systems, galaxies. Curiosity is human nature.... makes progress possible !

5. Universe : Jain Perspective Six Dravyas (basic elements) + their Paryays (forms). Why do we need to know ….. Loka-Svarupa-Bhavana 10th of 12 Reflections. Reflecting on universe makes one understand the true nature of reality, eternity of substances & transient forms. Jiva & Ajiva Tatvas Eternal nature of Soul & other matters (dravya) and their properties (guna), and transient nature of their forms / modes (paryayas). - differentiation : a steps towards separation. Intellectual & Spiritual progress Logical & analytical explanation of universal dynamics. Very closely relates religion and science.

6. Universe : Structural View 7 7 All Six ‘Dravya’s in ‘Lokakash’ Alokakash (space) Jiva (Soul) Pudgal (Matter) Akash (Space) Dharma (Medium of Motion) Adharma (Medium of Rest) Kal (Time) 7 Urdhva-Loka (Swargas) Adho-Loka ( Narakas) Madhya-Loka ( Humans)

7. ‘Dravya’ (element, substance, ‘padarth’, ‘sat’) :  Mass of inseparable attributes ‘Guna’  Eternal in nature  Always existed & will exist.  6 fundamental types  Infinite in numbers  An element: A pure substance consisting of one type of (atom) smallest particle, distinguished by its property.

8. ‘Guna’ (Properties, qualities, attributes):  Properties, that exist in all parts* of a substance in all its forms, modifications (‘paryay’s).  1 Pradesh = 1 spatial units = space occupied by smallest indivisible particle called paramanu.  Infinite qualities in each substances  Inseparable from its own Dravya.  Samanya Guna (Common Qualities)  Qualities that exist in all types of Dravyas.  Vishesh Guna (Special Qualities)  Qualities that do not exist in all but found only in its own type of Dravya.

9.  Each quality undergo continuous change. Every moment, old form goes out of existence & new emerges.  Every emerging new form is called ‘Paryay’  Transient in nature. Life of paryay = 1 moment.  Infinite qualities, so infinite ‘Paryays’ emerge every moment in each ‘Dravya’ ‘Paryay’ (Form / Mode / Transient Status):

10. Ajiva (Achetan / Non living) Qty : Size : ‘Pradesh’ Type : Infinite OneInnumerableOne InnumerableOne Invisible (Arupi) Rupi (Visible) Invisible (Arupi) Invisible (Arupi) Invisible (Arupi) Invisible (Arupi) Forms Transformation Pure / Impure Pure Pure / Impure InfiniteInnumerable Six ‘Dravya’s : Jiva (Soul) Pudgal (Matter) Akash (Space) Dharma (Medium of Motion) Adharma (Medium of Rest) Kal (Time) Innumerable (Chetan) Panch Asti-Kaya Infinite = ‘Anant’ Innumerable = ‘Asankhyat’

11. Six ‘Dravya’s Jiva (Soul) Pudgal (Matter) Akash (Space) Dharma (Medium of Motion) Adharma (Medium of Rest) Kal (Time) Samanya Gunas (Common Qualities / Attributes)  Dyavyatva: Changeability (form / modification of its paryay changes every moment)  Vastutva: Functionality (performs its own specific functions)  Astiatva: Existence or Is-ness (Substance is never destroyed or can never be created)  Pradeshatva: Shape formation attribute (always exist in some shape or form)  Agurulaghutva: Constancy of Individuality (one do not change into other. Gunas in-seperable)  Prameyatva: Know-ability or knowableness (always subject of some kind of knowledge)

12. Six ‘Dravya’s Jiva (Soul) Pudgal (Matter) Akash (Space) Dharma (Medium of Motion) Adharma (Medium of Rest) Kal (Time) Vishesh Gunas (Special Qualities / Attributes) Dravya, Kshetra, Kal, Bhav  Knowledge (Gyan)  Perception (Darshan)  Conduct (Charitra)  Bliss (Sukha)  Touch (Sparsha)  Test (Rasa)  Smell (Gandha)  Color (Varna) Accommodation - causation Motion - causationRest - causation Function - causation  Agility (Kriyavati Shakti)

13. All dravyas of this universe are eternal but continuously undergo countless changes. Dravya (Substance)Guna (Qualities)Paryay (Transformation) Permanent in nature Transient in nature Each SubstanceHas infinite QualitiesEach undergoing change in status – each moment Dhruva Utpada Vyaya Swabhav Paryay (of permanent/pure characteristics) Vibhav Paryay (of transient/impure characteristics) Utpada – Vyaya - Dhruva New Form Emerges Old Form Ceases

14. Samsari (Impure) Siddhas (Pure) - Souls w/karmic bondage ‘co-exist’ - Possess body (Pudgal) - Audarik, Karman, Tejas body - Affected by ‘karmic dynamics’ - Cycle of birth & death - Limited ‘Special Qualities’ of soul. - Liberated Souls - Infinite Knowledge (Keval Gnan) - Infinite / Pure Perception (Anant Darshan) - Infinite / Pure Conduct (Anant Charitra) - Infinite Bliss (Anant Sukha) - Infinite Energy (Anant Virya) - Knowledge(Gyan) - Perception (Darshan) - Conduct(Charitra) - Bliss(Sukha) - Agility(Kriyavati Shakti) Special Qualities (Vishesh Guna) : Jiva Dravya - Soul Vibhav ParyaySwabhav Paryay

15. Ajiva Dravya – Matter - Touch (Sparsha) - Test(Rasa) - Smell(Gandha) - Color(Varna) - Agility(Kriyavati Shakti) Matter (Pudgal) Smallest Particle : Atom (Parmänu) Clusters (Skandha) - Ahar Vargana (Physical Body) - Mano vargana (Mind) - Bhasha vargana (Speech) - Tejas Vargana (Tejas body) - Karman Vargana (Karmic body) - ….. Special Qualities (Vishesh Gunas) :

16. Samsari (Impure) - Souls w/karmic bondage ‘co-exist’ - Limited ‘Special Qualities’ of soul. - Knowledge(Gyan) - Perception (Darshan) - Conduct(Charitra) Special Qualities (Vishesh Guna) : Jiva Dravya (Soul)  Knowledge (Gyan) is limited..  Paroksha : acquired through max 5 senses (Mati) & Shrut Gyan.  ‘Paryay’ drushti. ‘Jiva’ as ‘Dravya’ : Hard to conceptualize & experience. Vibhav Paryay Conduct Knowledge Perception

17. - Knowledge (Gyan) - Perception / Faith (Darshan / Shraddha) - Conduct (Charitra) Jiva Dravya (Soul) Conduct Knowledge Perception Qualities (Guna) : - Mati Gyan : through senses. - Shrut Gyan : analytical, comprehended. - False views (Thought process) - False believes (Mithyatwa) - Kashayas (Krodh, Man, Maya Lobh) - Pramad (Laxity) etc Mode (Vibhav Paryays) Samsari (Impure) High in Purity.. - Mati Gyan - Shrut Gyan (Samyak) - Right views - Right Faith (Samyak) - Diluted Kashaya & Pramad

18. Paryay & Dravya The knowledge, the knower and the known are the three elements of knowledge.  The Knower (Gnata) - The person who learnt  The Known (Geya) - The matter about which the information is obtained and  The knowledge (Gyan) - What knower acquires through process of knowing.  5 Senses & Mati Gyan  Shrut Gyan  This knowledge is acquired through reading, listening and interpretation. - Touch (Sparsha)- Skin / body1 - Test(Rasa)- Tung2 - Smell(Gandha)- Nose3 - Color(Varna)- Eyes4 - Sound(Dhvani)- Ears5 sense Jivas

19. Non-One-Sidedness (ANEKANTAVAD) EXISTENCENON-EXISTENCE INEXPRESSIBILITY 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 The Seven Fold Predication of the Real

20. Paryay & Dravya 1. Gold ornaments (ring / bangle) & Gold - Sellers perspective / buyers perspective

21. Paryay & Dravya 2. Water / Clouds / Snow / Steam - What is constant … what is changing…? Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes Modes Water H O 2 Always regains original properties in Pure form.

22. Paryay & Dravya 3. Oxygen in air …. helps fire. And, in water …. ? Is property of Oxygen changing ? Always regains original properties in Pure form.

23. Paryay & Dravya 4. Carbon forms : Diamond v/s Graphite Hardest material. One of the softest materials. Ultimate abrasive.A very good lubricant. An excellent insulator electrical. A conductor of electricity. Best thermal conductor Used for thermal insulation. Highly transparent.Opaque. Always regains original properties in Pure form.

24. Jiva Dravya (Soul) Swabhav Paryays Mithyatwa Right Conduct Right Knowledge Right Perception 1 st step : Samyaktwa  Improve Shrut Gyan  Understand & apply Anekantvad and Nayas.  Know & Believe through Experience.  Correct the Perception & believes. Special Qualities (Vishesh Guna) : Always regains original properties in Pure form. - Infinite Knowledge (Keval Gnan) - Purest Perception (Anant Darshan) - Infinite / Pure Conduct (Anant Charitra) - Infinite Bliss (Anant Sukha) - Infinite Energy (Anant Virya) Spiritual Growth = moving towards… / Vibhav Paryays

25. Michchhami Dukkadam !