1. Created by Article II of the Constitution 1

2. 2 Structure of the Executive Branch Executive Office Cabinet Departments Agencies

3. PRESIDENTIAL QUALIFICATIONS AGE35 CITIZENSHIP NATURAL BORN U.S. CITIZEN RESIDENCY HAVE LIVED IN THE U.S. AT LEAST 14 YEARS TO BE THE PRESIDENT YOU MUST FILL ALLOF THE FORMAL REQUIREMENTS. 3

4. EXECUTIVE POWERS DIPLOMATIC POWERS MILITARY POWERS LEGISLATIVE POWERS Powers of the PRESIDENT of the United States JUDICIAL POWERS 4

5. EXECUTIVE POWERS EXECUTIVE POWERS ARE THOSE POWERS THE PRESIDENT HAS AND USES TO MAKE SURE THAT FEDERAL LAW IS CARRIED OUT. THEY INCLUDE: -EXECUTING THE LAW -APPOINTING POWER -REMOVAL POWER -ORDINANCE POWER 5

6. EXECUTIVE POWERS EXECUTING THE LAW THE PRESIDENT HAS THE JOB, RESPONSIBILITY AND DUTY TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL LAWS ARE ENFORCED AND ADMINISTERED, AS PER THE CONSTITUTION: ARTICLE II, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 8 (THE PRESIDENTIAL OATH) ARTCLE II, SECTION 3, CALLED THE “TAKE CARE” POWER 6

7. * The President has the power to issue executive orders. *An EXECUTIVE ORDER is a directive, rule, or regulation that has the effect of law. While the order is not an actual law, it is treated like one. *This power is given to the President from two sources: the Constitution and Congress. EXECUTIVE POWERS ORDINANCE POWER 7

8. Executive Orders 8 Executive Order:  1 st time ever issued: President George Washington  Creation of a National day of Thanksgiving, 1789  1794 Executive Order; Whiskey Rebellion to disperse Legitimate uses EXECUTIVE POWERS ORDINANCE POWER

9. 9 Executive Order Commander in Chief. The President's power as Commander in Chief is limited by other constitutional powers granted to Congress, such as the power to declare war, raise and support the armed forces, make rules (i.e., laws) for the regulation of the armed forces, and provide for calling forth the militia of the several states. However, the President's power as military commander is still very broad with respect to the armed forces at his disposal, including some situations in which Congress has not acted to declare war. President may send troops into combat to keep the nation safe. EXECUTIVE POWERS ORDINANCE POWER

10. 10 COMMANDER IN CHIEF War Powers Act: The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations. If the president sends troops into hostilities/conflict he must consult with Congress, and keep Congress up to date on progress periodically. EXECUTIVE POWERS Ordinance Power: Executive Orders

11. 11 Executive Order Head of State. The President is solely responsible for carrying out foreign policy, which includes the sole power to recognize foreign governments, receive foreign ambassadors, and negotiate treaties. Congress may enact laws affecting foreign policy, and two-thirds of the Senate must ratify any treaty before it becomes binding law, but Congress must still leave the execution of foreign policy and diplomatic relations to the President. EXECUTIVE POWERS ORDINANCE POWER President is responsible for foreign policy, however treaties, ambassadors, etc…must be approved by the Senate

12. 12 Executive Order Chief Law Enforcement Officer. The President has the sole constitutional obligation to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed," and this grants him broad discretion over federal law enforcement decisions. He has not only the power, but also the responsibility to see that the Constitution and laws are interpreted correctly. 18 In addition, the President has absolute prosecutorial discretion in declining to bring criminal indictments. As in the exercise of any other constitutional power, one may argue that a particular President is "abusing his discretion," but even in such a case, he cannot be compelled to prosecute any criminal charges. 18 EXECUTIVE POWERS ORDINANCE POWER President has the power to see that all laws are enforced, and can use whatever means necessary to see that they are. President has the authority to decide whether or not to bring criminal indictments.

13. T 13 Chief Law Enforcement Officer The Patriot Act was signed on October 26, 2001 to allow governmental agencies to have a broader hand to deal with terrorism. It allows for searches of homes and business, and much more access to electronic communications. EXECUTIVE POWERS

14. 14 Executive Order He ad of the Executive Branch. The Framers debated and rejected the creation of a plural executive. They selected a "unitary executive" and determined that he alone would be vested with "[t]he executive power" of Article II. After much debate, the Framers also determined that the President would nominate and appoint (with the Senate's consent in some cases) all officers in the executive branch. With very few exceptions, all appointed officials who work in the executive branch serve at the will and pleasure of the President, even if Congress has specified a term of years for a particular office. 19 All of this was designed to ensure the President's control over officials in the executive branch and to promote "energy in the executive." 19 The President appoints all officials who work in the Executive branch. He has the power to hire and fire those workers at his discretion.

15. The President has the power to appoint nearly three million federal civilian employees. Once the President receives the consent of the Senate, he appoints most of the top-ranking officials in the Federal Government. Some examples are: federal judges, cabinet members, heads of independent agencies, and officers of the military. SENATORIAL COURTESY – Presidential Appointments Need Appointees Home Senators Approval 15 EXECUTIVE POWERS APPOINTING POWER

16. *The President can remove anyone from office who he has appointed. *The only restriction on this power is that the President cannot remove Supreme Court Justices from the bench. *Three major reasons for removal are: inefficiency in office, neglect of duty, or inappropriate behavior. 16 EXECUTIVE POWER REMOVAL POWER

17. DIPLOMATIC POWERS THE PRESIDENTS DIPLOMATIC POWERS ARE AMONG HIS MOST POWERFUL. THEY INCLUDE: POWER TO MAKE TREATIES POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS POWER OF RECOGNITION 17

18. *treaty=formal agreement between two or more sovereign states *The President usually negotiates treaties through the Secretary of State (Hillary Clinton). *The Senate must give approval for these international agreements with a 2/3 vote. DIPLOMATIC POWERS POWER TO MAKE TREATIES 18

19. Executive Agreements are like treaties in that they are agreements between the President and foreign leaders or their subordinates. They are different in that they do not require the approval of the Senate. They usually stem out of previous legislation, or a previous treaty. 19 DIPLOMATIC POWERS POWER EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS

20. *The President, representing the United States, acknowledges the legal existence of a country and its government. *This recognition can make or break the survival of a new country. *This recognition is not permanent. It can change with revolutions or changes in the government. DIPLOMATIC POWERS POWER OF RECOGNITION 20

21. MILITARY POWERS *During wartime, the President can make critical decisions that he feels is necessary for wartime AS COMMANDER AND CHIEF. *The President has the power to send troops into combat, without approval by Congress. This is referred to as undeclared war. *Finally, the President can use troops for domestic peace within the United States. “National Guard” 21

22. LEGISLATIVE POWERS *The President possesses the power to submit or RECOMMEND ideas for laws to Congress. *The President gives a “STATE OF THE UNION” address each year, where he presents ideas for new legislation to Congress. * The president has the power to CALL SPECIAL SESSIONS of Congress if a pressing matter occours. The power of VETO (reject) any law sent to him by Congress 22

23. LEGISLATIVE POWERS POWER OF VETO *When a bill is presented to the President, he can do one of four things: 1. Sign it and pass the law, 2. Veto the law, 3. While Congress is in session, he can not touch the bill and it will pass in 10 days 4. Pocket veto, or while Congress is not in session, he can not touch the bill and it will not pass. 23

24. JUDICIAL POWERS Pardon – issued by the president it is legal forgiveness for a crime Amnesty – issued by the president it is a pardon for a large group of people Reprieve – issued by the president it is postponing a sentence Commutation- issued by the president it is a reduction of a sentence ACCORDING TO ARTICLE II, SECTION 2, CLAUSE 1 THE PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO ISSUE: 24

25. ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT CHIEF EXECUTIVE CHIEF CITIZEN CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR CHIEF DIPLOMAT COMMANDER In CHIEF CHIEF LEGISLATOR CHIEF OF PARTY CHIEF OF STATE 25

26. CHIEF EXECUTIVE This role of the President allows him to ensure that the laws of the nation are carried out fairly. 26

27. CHIEF DIPLOMAT This role of the President allows him to establish foreign policy with other nations. 27

28. CHIEF LEGISLATOR This role of the President allows him to submit ideas for new laws for the United States. 28

29. CHIEF CITIZEN This role of the President infers that he is the moral leader and figurehead of the United States. 29

30. CHIEF OF STATE This role of the President states that the President is the head of the national government. 30

31. CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR This role of the President states that the President is the “boss” of government employees. (Bureaucracy) 31

32. COMMANDER IN CHIEF This role of the President allows him to command all United States military troops. 32

33. CHIEF OF PARTY This role of the President states that he is the informal leader of his political party. 33

34. EXECUTIVE OFFICES “The President’s right arm" as it is referred to is the several offices that are staffed by the President’s closest advisors, and are designed to help the President make, and enforce policy. They include: NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS CABINETOTHERS/AGENCIES 34

35. EXECUTIVE OFFICES NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Th e National Security Council is the President's principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. Since its inception under President Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council also serves as the President's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. 35

36. EXECUTIVE OFFICES OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB's predominant mission is to assist the president in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and to supervise its administration in executive branch agencies. In addition, OMB oversees and coordinates the administration's financial management, information, and regulatory policies. 36

37. The principal purpose of ONDCP is to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nation's drug control program. The goals of the program are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences. To achieve these goals, the Director of ONDCP is charged with producing the National Drug Control Strategy. The Strategy directs the Nation's anti-drug efforts and establishes a program, a budget, and guidelines for cooperation among Federal, State, and local entities. EXECUTIVE OFFICES OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY 37

38. EXECUTIVE OFFICES COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS The CEA was established by the Employment Act of 1946 to provide the President with objective economic analysis and advice on the development and implementation of a wide range of domestic and international economic policy issues.. 38

39. EXECUTIVE OFFICES CABINET The tradition of the Cabinet dates back to the beginnings of the Presidency itself. One of the principal purposes of the Cabinet (drawn from Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution) is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of their respective offices. The Cabinet includes the Vice President and, by law, the heads of 15 executive departments-the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney General. 39

40. 40 The Cabinet * Department of Agriculture (USDA) * Department of Commerce (DOC) * Department of Defense (DOD) * Department of Education (ED) * Department of Energy (DOE) * Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) * Department of Homeland Security (DHS) * Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) * Department of Justice (DOJ) * Department of Labor (DOL) * Department of State (DOS) * Department of the Interior (DOI) * Department of the Treasury * Department of Transportation (DOT) * Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

41. EXECUTIVE OFFICES OTHER OFFICES The other offices of the Executive Branch are as varied as they are in numbers. Some of the other areas include: Office of Policy Development - Advises President on domestic concerns National Space Council-Advises President on civil and military efforts in space Council on Environmental Quality- Aids the President on environmental policy matters. Office of U.S. Trade Representatives – Advises the President on matters of foreign trade. Office of Science and Technology- Advises on all scientific, engineering, and technology advances. 41

42. 42 A regulatory agency is a government department that has responsibility over the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector. Regulatory agencies exist at the federal and state level. These agencies can impact a variety of businesses, in a variety of ways - through regulations on products, antitrust rulings, compliance laws, etc… EXECUTIVE OFFICES OTHER OFFICES

43. 43 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Army Corps of Engineers Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Consumer Product Safety Commission Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Drug Enforcement Administration Employment and Training Administration (ETA) Employment Standards Administration (ESA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Farm Credit Administration (FCA) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC) Federal Election Commission (FEC) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EREN) Federal Highway Administration (FHA) Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) The following is a list of selected U.S. federal regulatory agencies:

44. VICE PRESIDENTIAL DUTIES Constitutionally, the Vice President has only two formal duties: 1.preside over the Senate 2.help decide the question of presidential disability (presidential disability is when the president is unable to carry out his duties) The other assumed purpose of the Vice President is to be a president in waiting. 44

45. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION IS THE ORDER IN WHICH INFERIOR OFFICERS CAN BE PROMOTED TO THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IN CASE OF A VACANCY. THE CURRENT SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE 25 TH AMENDMENT AND CURRENTLY HAS 18 POSITIONS. HERE ARE THE FIRST 10. 1VICE PRESIDENT6SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 2SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE7ATTORNEY GENERAL 3 PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE 8 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 4SECRETARY OF STATE9 SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 5 SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 10 SECRETARY OF COMMERCE 45

46. 46 The Electoral College consists of electors appointed by each state who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. How is the President of the United States Elected? How this works…the candidate who wins a states popular vote, gets all of that states electoral votes. A candidate must have 270 electoral votes to become President of the United States….