2. HSC on board library – CBT 7

3. Course Format êCourse is made up of this power point presentation accompanied by the short questionnaire next to you! êPlease ask an agency employee to assist whenever required. êYou can advance through the presentation by hitting the “ENTER” key with your desired speed! êYou should be able to complete in 2 hours

4. CHECK ON YOURSELF Please read the questionnaire and answer the questions to your best knowledge without consulting this presentation or an instructor. Be fair to yourself! Complete it (not more than 8-10 minutes), Turn it around and continue here.

5.   The chance of an adverse event   The likelihood of hazard being realised   The combination of the probability, or frequency of occurrence of a defined hazard and   The magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence.

6. You should know 3 Common areas of risk to the company and shipboard staff: COST 1. 1.Risk to Health and safety, Consequences are injuries and fatalities 2. 2.Risk to Environment, Consequence is pollution, etc 3. 3.Risk to Operations, consequence are broken equipment, damaged cargo, off-hire, etc RISK TO ENVIRONMENT RISK TO HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK TO OPERATION

7. HOW DO WE MANAGE THE RISKS?  Through the procedures  By Safety management system What is the result if we make enough regulations ?? We will not have accidents.

8. Principles of risk Management  Ask yourself these questions 1.What are the risks in shipboard operations? 2.How often are you or your crew, at risk 3.What are the consequences of an accident? 4.What can you do about it ?????????????????????

9. Risks in Lifeboat Drills (for example) Killed more than safe ? Risks in Lifeboat Drills (for example) Killed more than safe ?   UK marine Accident investigation Branch’s database, accumulated over 10 - year period,   Indicate the lifeboat and launching system cost the lives of 12 seafarers. ( 16% of total lives lost on UK flagged vessels)   + 87 seafarers injured   It happened during drill and training X 12 Seafarers X 87 Seafarers

10. What’s wrong ??? Too late for us, but don’t forget Risk Assessment and Incident Investigation for the rest of our colleagues who are still alive !!!

11. DAMAGE OF L/BOATs DURING DRILL

13. What is the purpose of Risk Assessment ? The purpose The purpose  Is to ensure that careful examinations of shipboard operations are carried out  to determine what can cause harm  that existing controls are adequate  determine or risk levels are tolerable.

14. Objective of Risk Assessment The Objective The Objective  Where risk level are unacceptable, to identify and implement appropriate controls to reduce and implement appropriate controls to reduce risk levels to as low as reasonable practicable risk levels to as low as reasonable practicable

15. Expected outputs of a Risk Assessment ????????  Minimisation of risk to people and the environment  Improvement in operational performance  Assist on establishing a responsible image within the marketplace

16. How do accidents happen! Accident Near Misses Unsafe ships Lack of Safety Culture Lack of shipboard teamwork

17. Social well being of seafarers Successful safety Management Affects of Operation Performance  There is an absolute link between the social well being of seafarers and a successful Safety Management System onboard!

19. Regulations could reduce level of Risk Level of risk REGULATIONS LOW HIGH RISK MANAGEMENT

20. Safety assessment process  Identification of Hazards  Risk assessment  Risk control options  Cost benefit assessment  Recommendations for decision making

21. Risk Assessment Programme Make sure shipboard personnel aware that company is serious about risk assessment Ensure procedure are in place before commencement Ensure procedure are in place before commencement Provide training 1.Purpose and objective 2.Identifying the hazards and controls 3.Assessing risk 4.ALARP ( as low as reasonably practicable) $$$$$$$ 5.Review processes Identify who should carried out the risk assessment 1.Experience person 2.Old + Young = Experience + Objectivity Review Review

22. RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS COMPRISES 7 STAGES Inventory of shipboard operations Identify hazards Identify existing controls Determine risk Decide if risk is tolerable Implement Controls Review assessments

23. Inventory of shipboard operations Operation type Deck Engine Cargo Vessel Integrity Routines Mooring Navigation Man on deck in heavy weather Watchman doing round check in darkness Lowering/Launching of L/B and MOB boat Entering cold weather Operation group Operation Importance to list and categorize all shipboard operations

24. Which Operations do you assess FIRST ???   First SELECT those that have a potential for loss which could do most harm to 1. 1.people, 2. 2.property, 3. 3.the environment, 4. 4.the reputation of the company.

25. Identify hazards, what causes an accident? Accident Direct causes Indirect causes Root Causes Consequences Falling, slipping, fire, Explosion, Oil spill, Collision, Grounding, system Failure Unsafe Acts Unsafe Conditions Job factors Personal factors Lack of control Smoking, not wearing PPE, Ignoring safe working practices Dark, noisy, toxic/explosive Atmosphere, Design, equipment, manning Fatigue, lack of training, Organisation or Familiarity Lack of management, poor Management, lack of controls

26. For Example   Accident - Ship runs aground   Direct Cause - Duty Officer set wrong course on Auto-pilot.   Indirect cause - Fatigue due to lack of rest prior to bridge watch   Root cause - Company policy on rest periods not fully implemented

27. CREATING SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 1 st STEP (KEY POINT) CONTROL SAFE OPERATIONS 2 ND STEP Will Cause MINIMISE THE HAZARDS RESULT

28. Difference between Hazard and Event  Hazard Event   Slippery Surface Slipping causing a minor injury   Corroded ladder Rung collapsing causing bruised/cut foot   Combustible atmosphere Explosion causing fatalities   Toxicity Inhalation causing fatalities   Darkness Banging head or tripping causing minor injury

29.   Depending on the nature of the operation, the consequences of an event can have different levels of severity;   darkness may have a greater impact on the entry into enclosed spaces than on navigation,   Ask following 3 questions which could you help to find hazards and the nature of the harm, 1. 1.Is there a source of harm? 2. 2.Who or What can be harmed? 3. 3.How could harm occur?

30. Identify Existing Controls   Controls can fall into following categories 1.Procedure – 1.Procedure – the majority of the controls will be in the form of procedure 2.Environment – 2.Environment – For example – oily / water separator 3.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - 3.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - For example – Breathing Apparatus, Gloves 4.Human Element – 4.Human Element – For example: Rest periods, training 5.Design/engineering – 5.Design/engineering – For example: Increasing the strength of hatch covers, fitting hoops around ladders

31. How to determine the Risk ?   is the combination of 1. 1.The likelihood of the hazardous event occurring 2. 2.The severity of the consequences

32. Assessing Likelihood   Highly unlikely < Once per year per fleet   Unlikely < Once per year per ship   Likely < Once or more per year per ship Likelihood Occurrence

33. Consequence Level……. Needs to be determined for possible harm to people, ship and/or the environment For Example……………………………… Consequence   Slightly harmful   Harmful   Extremely harmful Effect   cuts, bruises, headaches or discomfort due to surrounding environment.   Requires first aid, but able to resume work next day.   Minor pollution, unacceptable funnel emissions   Laceration, burns, temporarily disability   Unable to return to work within 3 days or requires repatriation   Moderate pollution, Onboard oil spill contained   Amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries, poisoning or fatal injuries   Unable to resume sea-going employment   Major pollution, Overboard oil pollution

34. Qualitative Risk Table Once you have determined the likelihood and the level of consequence, you can determine the level of risk using the qualitative risk table Consequence Consequence Likelihood Slight Harmful harmful Extremely harmful Highly unlikely Trivial Risk Tolerate Risk Moderate Risk Unlikely Tolerable Risk Moderate Risk Substantial Risk Likely Moderate Risk Substance Risk Intolerable Risk

35. Decide if Risk is Tolerate  Trivial   Tolerate   Moderate   Substantial   Intolerable   ~ No action is required and no documentary records need be kept.   ~No additional controls are required. consideration may be given to more cost effective solution of improvement that imposes no additional cost burden. Monitoring is required to ensure that controls are maintained.   ~Effort should be made to reduce risk. but the costs of prevention should be carefully measured and limited.   ~Work should not be started until the risk has been reduced. Considerable resources may have to be allocolated to reduce the risk. Where the risk involves work in progress, Urgent action should be taken.   ~Work should not be started or continued until the risk has been reduced. If it is not possible to reduce the risk even with unlimited resources, Work has to remain prohibited. Risk Action

37. ALARP PRINCIPLE Unacceptable Region Tolerable Region Broadly acceptable region Necessary to maintain asssurance that Risk remains at this level Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement Tolerable only if risk reduction is impracticable or if its cost is grossly disproportionate to the improvement gained Risk can’t be justified unless there are acceptable reasons Increasing Level of Risk

38. For following example for personnel to Enter Enclosed space with minimum control 1. 1. Unacceptable region of ALARP   It would be unacceptable for personnel to enter oil cargo tank when full of oil or not gas free as the risks are too high   It is within the bounds of reason however, expect this to happen under exceptional circumstances, i.e. rescue

39. 2a.Tolerable region of ALARP (Upper Zone)   Enter to empty fuel oil Tank   Risk to personnel of entering the tank could be high BUT not as high as full tank   To drive down the risk vast amount of money involved (designing and fitting hi-tech ventilation, lighting system, etc)   The cost of such measurement would be grossly disproportionate to the improvement   THEREFORE OPERATION IN ITS PRESENT STATE IS TOLERABLE AND RISKS ARE REDUCED TO LEVEL THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED ALARP.

40.   Enter into empty and well ventilated fresh water tank   Generally operation with Tolerable risk level 2b.Tolerable region of ALARP (Lower Zone)  If harm occurs, it is more likely the result of a consequence of an individual’s action rather than from any inherent properties of MT tank.  To drive down – need low or moderate expense  But could be considered unnecessary as current Risk levels are already ALARP

41. 3.The Broadly acceptable region of ALARP   In this region………………   Risks are regarded as trivial + Adequate controls are in place   Review should be in place   No further action required unless reasonable practicable measures becoming available or   Required by Law or Industry convention

42. Guidance on selecting Controls  Remove or eliminate the hazard  Contain the hazard  Use technology to monitor the hazard  Adapt the individual to the work  Personnel Protective Equipment  Emergency Response  Re- design, Re-equip

43. Review on Assessment  Risk level should be TOLERATE  RESIDUAL RISK should be as low as reasonably practicable  ANY NEW HAZARDS created should be acceptable  FEEDBACK from personnel on planned controls  SUGGESTIONS for improvement