1. EQ: How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe? Key Terms: socialism, communism, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels

2. Effects of Industrialization Growth of Cities After 1800 more people lived in cities Growth of factory system  manufacturing concentrated in central area  built near sources of energy  London became most important city and largest Quick growth led to problems no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes no adequate housing, education, or police protection sickness widespread— cholera, TB, pneumonia Lifespan: city—17yrs country—38yrs

3. Working Conditions Average workday—14 hrs./ 6 days week Wanted to increase production Dangers Factories poorly lit and ventilated Child Labor The Factory Act (1833) ---no children under 9, 2 hrs of education a day, 12 hr workday Ten Hour Act The Mines Act (1842)—no women or kids underground

4. Class Tension Middle Class Most new money belonged to middle class Factory owners, shippers, and merchants, skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers Transformation of Social Structure Middle class had most of social and political power---used to be landowners and aristocrats landowners and aristocrats still looked down on middle class Group emerged within middle class—lower middle class  factory overseers, toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers

5. Socialism Definition--- Factors of production are owned by public and operate for all  grew from an optimistic view of human nature, concern for social justice wanted to reverse ill effects of industrialization, end poverty and promote equality  felt was the role of the govt. to control factories, mines, and railroads

6. Communism Communist Manifesto: book written by Germans Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued society divided into warring classes----haves vs. have nots  haves: bourgeoisie (middle class)  have nots: proletariat (workers) predicted proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie  “Workers of the World Unite!”

7. Future According to Marx After revolts people would share the profits and have economic equality  eventually a classless society would develop----communism Communism: means of production owned by the people  no private property----all goods and services shared equally