2. Discovery of the New World

3. The first discovery of the Americas was by people crossing the Beringia Land Bridge from Asia. The first discovery of the Americas was by people crossing the Beringia Land Bridge from Asia.

5. The 2nd Discovery was by:

6. The Norsemen (sometimes referred to as Vikings) are credited with the 2 nd Discovery of America. The Norsemen (sometimes referred to as Vikings) are credited with the 2 nd Discovery of America. They were farmers from Norway who traded during slow months. They were farmers from Norway who traded during slow months.

7. Eric “the Red” left Norway for Iceland to escape a murder charge. Eric “the Red” left Norway for Iceland to escape a murder charge. In Iceland, he was banished and once again needed a remote place to live. In Iceland, he was banished and once again needed a remote place to live.

8. 1.Leif Ericson 1000-1001 AD

9. Leif Ericson, was the first European to set foot on the shores of North America, and the first explorer of Norwegian extraction. Leif Ericson, was the first European to set foot on the shores of North America, and the first explorer of Norwegian extraction. Brought Christianity to his people. Brought Christianity to his people. Though many still regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the New World, Ericson’s right to this title received the stamp of official approval in the USA when in 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson, backed by a unanimous Congress, proclaimed October 9th "Leif Ericson Day.” Though many still regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the New World, Ericson’s right to this title received the stamp of official approval in the USA when in 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson, backed by a unanimous Congress, proclaimed October 9th "Leif Ericson Day.”

10. Thorvald Ericson 1004-101 A.D. Thorvald, Leif's brother, borrowed Leif's ship and sailed westward to Vinland two years later. He used Leif's sailing directions and ship to complete the journey. For two years he and his men sailed along the coasts, exploring the new land. Thorvald, Leif's brother, borrowed Leif's ship and sailed westward to Vinland two years later. He used Leif's sailing directions and ship to complete the journey. For two years he and his men sailed along the coasts, exploring the new land. One day, they stumbled across some natives and became involved in a skirmish. It was during this conflict that Thorvald was fatally wounded. One day, they stumbled across some natives and became involved in a skirmish. It was during this conflict that Thorvald was fatally wounded. The following year Thorvald's men returned to Greenland, bringing back a cargo of wood and wine-berries. Thorvald was the first European we know to die and to be buried in America. The following year Thorvald's men returned to Greenland, bringing back a cargo of wood and wine-berries. Thorvald was the first European we know to die and to be buried in America.

11. 3. Thorfinn 1008-1009 AD Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife, Gudrid, also sailed to Vinland and resided in Leif's house. While they lived there, they collected many valuable products, including many samples of wood, which was of high value to the Vikings. Gudrid gave birth to a son during their stay and they named him Snorri. He was the first European child to be born in the New World. Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife, Gudrid, also sailed to Vinland and resided in Leif's house. While they lived there, they collected many valuable products, including many samples of wood, which was of high value to the Vikings. Gudrid gave birth to a son during their stay and they named him Snorri. He was the first European child to be born in the New World.

12. 4. Freydis (Eric’s daughter) 1013 AD Illegitimate daughter of Eric the Red and stepsister of Leif Ericsson. Captained her own ship. A headstrong, often cruel and sometimes petty woman, though a keen navigator and brave warrior.

13. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Seek a passage to the Far East Seek a passage to the Far East

14. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Secure gold, silver, precious gems and other valuable products Secure gold, silver, precious gems and other valuable products

15. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Establish claims to new lands Establish claims to new lands

16. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Convert the natives to Christianity Convert the natives to Christianity

17. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Satisfy the spirit of adventure and intellectual curiosity Satisfy the spirit of adventure and intellectual curiosity

18. Reasons for the Voyages of Exploration: Pave the way for trading posts and settlements

19. Cristoforo Colombo Cristobal Colon in Spanish Cristobal Colon in Spanish

20. Cristoforo Colombo He was born in Genoa, in northern Italy in 1451 He was born in Genoa, in northern Italy in 1451 It was a busy seaport It was a busy seaport Columbus started serving on ships at age 14. Columbus started serving on ships at age 14.

21. Cristoforo Colombo Columbus became a well-known sailor, and was regarded as one of the greatest “dead-reckoning” sailors ever. Columbus became a well-known sailor, and was regarded as one of the greatest “dead-reckoning” sailors ever.

22. Cristoforo Colombo In 1476 his ship was wrecked off Portugal during a pirate attack. In 1476 his ship was wrecked off Portugal during a pirate attack. Using an oar for floatation, he swam 6 miles to safety. Using an oar for floatation, he swam 6 miles to safety.

23. Cristoforo Colombo Portugal was a world leader in exploration. Portugal was a world leader in exploration. Portuguese ships ventured farther out to sea to take advantage of wind systems and ocean currents. Portuguese ships ventured farther out to sea to take advantage of wind systems and ocean currents.

24. Cristoforo Colombo Columbus began sailing with them as far as England, Iceland and Africa. Columbus began sailing with them as far as England, Iceland and Africa.

25. Cristoforo Colombo Columbus begins to read the works of a geographer named Toscanelli. Columbus begins to read the works of a geographer named Toscanelli. Toscanelli wrote that the quick way to China was to the west. (18k Earth) Toscanelli wrote that the quick way to China was to the west. (18k Earth)

26. Cristoforo Colombo He went to Portugal and asked King Joao (John) to finance a voyage west to China. He went to Portugal and asked King Joao (John) to finance a voyage west to China. He said no, but then sent ships west in search of Asia. The voyage failed. He said no, but then sent ships west in search of Asia. The voyage failed.

27. Cristoforo Colombo In 1485 he took his idea to Spain and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. In 1485 he took his idea to Spain and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. It took one year to gain an audience with them. It took one year to gain an audience with them. In early 1492 the Moors were defeated and the Queen was able to grant Columbus his voyage. In early 1492 the Moors were defeated and the Queen was able to grant Columbus his voyage.

28. Cristoforo Colombo He made a final demand that he be named Admiral of all the Ocean Sea, and Viceroy of all lands discovered. He also wanted 10% of all the treasure. He made a final demand that he be named Admiral of all the Ocean Sea, and Viceroy of all lands discovered. He also wanted 10% of all the treasure.

29. First Voyage He was given 90 men and three ships. He was given 90 men and three ships. The Nina, Pinta and much slower Santa Maria. The Nina, Pinta and much slower Santa Maria. After two months at sea, the men became restless. After two months at sea, the men became restless.

30. First Voyage Isabella had promised a huge reward to the first man to sight land, and a look-out did so on Oct 12, 1492. Isabella had promised a huge reward to the first man to sight land, and a look-out did so on Oct 12, 1492. Columbus later claimed the reward for himself. Columbus later claimed the reward for himself.

31. First Voyage It is believed that he landed on San Salvador (Bahamas). It is believed that he landed on San Salvador (Bahamas). He immediately talks of how well the Indians are built and what good slaves they will make. He immediately talks of how well the Indians are built and what good slaves they will make.

32. First Voyage He forced some Indians onto his ships to lead him to more gold, and landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Rep). He forced some Indians onto his ships to lead him to more gold, and landed on Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Rep). The Santa Maria hit a reef and sank, but the Indians saved Columbus and much of his supplies. The Santa Maria hit a reef and sank, but the Indians saved Columbus and much of his supplies. He left the crew of the Santa Maria (39 men) on Hispaniola to form a settlement. He left the crew of the Santa Maria (39 men) on Hispaniola to form a settlement. Columbus returned to Spain as a hero. Columbus returned to Spain as a hero.

33. Second Voyage - 1493 17 ships and up to 1500 people 17 ships and up to 1500 people Purpose was both exploration and colonization. Purpose was both exploration and colonization. The second voyage brought European livestock (horses, sheep, and cattle) and settlers to America for the first time. The second voyage brought European livestock (horses, sheep, and cattle) and settlers to America for the first time.

34. Second Voyage - 1493 Columbus returned to Hispaniola expecting a windfall of gold and spices. Columbus returned to Hispaniola expecting a windfall of gold and spices. He found that all of the men he left were killed. He found that all of the men he left were killed.

35. Second Voyage - 1493 Columbus forced every Indian over 14 years of age to mine for gold. Columbus forced every Indian over 14 years of age to mine for gold. The colonists became upset because of lack of gold and food. The colonists became upset because of lack of gold and food. The Indians were decimated by measles and smallpox, while the Spanish contracted Syphilis. The Indians were decimated by measles and smallpox, while the Spanish contracted Syphilis.

36. Second Voyage - 1493 Columbus continued to search for China, and made his crew swear on the threat of losing their tongues that they were in Asia. Columbus continued to search for China, and made his crew swear on the threat of losing their tongues that they were in Asia. With revolts brewing, he returned to Spain in 1496. With revolts brewing, he returned to Spain in 1496.

37. Third Voyage - 1498 A third voyage was granted, but it took Columbus 2 years to raise a fleet. A third voyage was granted, but it took Columbus 2 years to raise a fleet. This crew in 1498 consisted of many criminals granted amnesty (including 10 murderers). This crew in 1498 consisted of many criminals granted amnesty (including 10 murderers). Fleet of six ships Fleet of six ships

38. Third Voyage - 1498 He went south and hit continental America in Venezuela. He went south and hit continental America in Venezuela.

39. Third Voyage - 1498 Columbus returned to Hispaniola where his brother had been left in charge and was battling a full-scale revolt. He had several settlers hanged. Columbus returned to Hispaniola where his brother had been left in charge and was battling a full-scale revolt. He had several settlers hanged.

40. Third Voyage - 1498 Spain sent Francisco de Bovadilla, who arrived in August 1500, with 500 men and a handful of native slaves that Columbus had brought to Spain on a previous voyage: they were to be freed by royal decree. Bobadilla found the situation as bad as he had heard Spain sent Francisco de Bovadilla, who arrived in August 1500, with 500 men and a handful of native slaves that Columbus had brought to Spain on a previous voyage: they were to be freed by royal decree. Bobadilla found the situation as bad as he had heard Columbus was put in chains and shipped back to Spain. Columbus was put in chains and shipped back to Spain. He was suffering from arthritis and temporary bouts with blindness. He was suffering from arthritis and temporary bouts with blindness. Isabella freed him Isabella freed him

41. Fourth Voyage - 1502 He was given 4 ships that were in poor condition in hopes that he would disappear. He was given 4 ships that were in poor condition in hopes that he would disappear.

42. Fourth Voyage - 1502 When he arrived at Hispaniola he knew a hurricane was imminent, but was not allowed to dock there. When he arrived at Hispaniola he knew a hurricane was imminent, but was not allowed to dock there. Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America, but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell apart while he was exploring. Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America, but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell apart while he was exploring. Columbus warned Bovadilla not to sail, but he left anyhow and perished with his fleet. Columbus warned Bovadilla not to sail, but he left anyhow and perished with his fleet.

43. Fourth Voyage - 1502 Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for about a year before being rescued. Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for about a year before being rescued. They returned to Spain in late 1504. They returned to Spain in late 1504.

44. Fourth Voyage - 1502 In 1504, after 12 months, a ship is sent to get him and take him back to Spain as a passenger. In 1504, after 12 months, a ship is sent to get him and take him back to Spain as a passenger. Within months Queen Isabella died and with her all of his support. Within months Queen Isabella died and with her all of his support. Ferdinand gave him some money, but removed all titles. Ferdinand gave him some money, but removed all titles.

45. Rambling and delirious, he sequestered himself in his house. Rambling and delirious, he sequestered himself in his house. Few mourned his passing in 1506 at the age of 54. Few mourned his passing in 1506 at the age of 54.

46. Columbus – hero or villain?

47. Vasco Nunez de Balboa a Spanish explorer, governor and conquistador. a Spanish explorer, governor and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. He is best known for having crossed Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.

49. Juan Ponce de Leon On 2 nd Columbus voyage On 2 nd Columbus voyage Discovered la Florida during Pascua de Florida Discovered la Florida during Pascua de Florida

50. Fernao Magalhaes Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish) Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)

51. Hernando Cortes Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

52. Francisco de Coronado Explored American southwest looking for gold Explored American southwest looking for gold

53. Henry Hudson Sailed for Holland Sailed for Holland Searched for northwest passage to Asia Searched for northwest passage to Asia

54. Giovanni Caboto John Cabot John Cabot Claimed lands on the coast of “New England” Claimed lands on the coast of “New England”

55. Sir Francis Drake Sea Dog and 2 nd voyage of circumnavigation Sea Dog and 2 nd voyage of circumnavigation