1. Land Cover in Europe lessons learned from CORINE land cover and new perspectives European Environment Agency (EEA) Markus Erhard

2. Why Land Cover Monitoring Multi-functionality of land – link to other sectors urban and landscape planning, water, soil, biodiversity, climate change, air quality, natural hazards etc. Monitoring, assessment and reporting (continuous observation of environmental changes over space and time) reporting obligations, indicators etc. Decision support, policy effectiveness need for action

3. Corine Land Cover (EEA-39) http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover Voluntary contribution of Member States since 1990 (no legal framework) Standardized, harmonized and quality checked for Europe Minimum Mapping Unit 25 ha Change Detection 5 ha EEA / EIONET (Member States) product (joint ownership) Free and open access Widely used (public & private) Stand alone product

4. Hand made maps First GIS GIS electronic mapping Web-based Information systems CLC 1990 CLC CLC 2000 2006 CLC 2012 + … and mapping Environmental change vs. technical progress

5. CLC 2006 Built-up area / sealing CLC Changes Land cover products

6. Corine land cover map (CLC is derived from satellite images) Green Landscape Index (derived from CLC) Nature Value (Naturilis, derived from Natura2000 designated areas) Fragmentation (Effective Mesh Size (MEFF) derived from TeleAtlas Roads and CLC) Landscape Ecological Potential (LEP) 2000, by 1km² grid cell LEP 2000 by NUTS 2/3 Land Ecosystem Account: Landscape Ecological Potential and

7. From changes to flows LCF3 LCF1 LCF2 LCF5 LCF4 LCF7 LCF6 LCF8 Change Matrix (44x43=1932 possible changes) summarized into flows LCF9 2000 2006

8. Country Analyses (1) (e.g. Bulgaria) http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse Change of main land-cover classes 2000 - 2006

9. Country Analyses (2) (e.g. Bulgaria) http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse

10. Regional and thematic analysis (e.g. wetlands)

11. Going global GlobCorine 2009 Environmental accounting UNSD SEEA revision 2012/2013, green GDP etc. from GlobCover to GlobCorine: ESA & EEA, GEO-GEOSS Source: ESA, 2008

12. Spatial Integration of Environmental & Socio-Economic Data CLC for integrated assessments Spatial Integration of Environmental & Socio-Economic Data Mapping Sampling Individual Sites Monitoring Socio- Economic Statistics Socio-economic statistics

13. Statistical Data and Corine e.g. down-scaling population density http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/population-density-1

14. Dissemination and user support Land use data centre http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse

15. Towards operational land cover monitoring (GIO Land 2011-2013) Photo: ESA

16. GIO Land Services 3 components: 1.Local : zooming on hot spot (e.g. urban atlas, protected areas, coastal areas) 2.Continental: pan-European products (Corine 2012, 5 HRLs soil sealing, forest, agriculture, wetland, water) 3.Global: bio-physical parameters (Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), food security (Africa) etc.) Local component – Urban Atlas EU component - CLC Global component – ECV*s

17. Continental Component (1) CORINE CORINE CORINE... … 1990 2000 2006 2012 20xx Corine 2006 update and 2012 map based on Image 2012 (-1) and CLC2006 Re-analysis 2012-2006-2000

18. Continental Component (2) + 5 High Resolution Layers (HRLs) 20 x 20 m resolution for validated 100 x 100m (1 ha) grid cells 1.artificial surfaces: imperviousness layer (0-100%) (former soil sealing) 2.forest areas: foliage type (coniferous, deciduous, mixed) and crown coverage (0-100%) 3.agricultural areas: mapping of permanent grassland 4.wetlands: mapping of wetness 5.water surfaces: small water bodies complementary to WFD and reference data

19. Local analysis (e.g. soil sealing / imperviousness 2006) 20m * 20m

20. Soil Imperviousness 2006 - 2009 Berlin 2006Berlin 2009 Courtesy: Geoland-2

21. Next steps Improve product (HRLs as first step) Improve production process (share between industry and Member States) and cost benefit Improve production time (from ~ 3 to 1 year) for more frequent updating Adapt to user requirements Make use of national data and monitoring Make use of public participation (citizen science / Eye on Earth) Embed in INSPIRE, SEIS and national activities

22. Appropriate handling CLC as pan-European harmonized product (EEA39) Information homogenous and comparable across Europe Due to its granularity CLC tends to underestimate trends (scaling issue) Changes << 5ha are in some cases not visible (e.g. land take by holiday houses in Norway) Need for re-analysis (better data vs. change detection) Appropriate use of information not right or wrong

23. Conclusions QA/QC and standardised production implemented Methods for analyses and assessments exist Operational updating (GMES) with higher frequency Dissemination and user involvement (web services and GMES) Free and open access to data, tools and products Production enhancement (faster, cheaper, better integrating national activities) Product enhancement (content, timeliness) keep it running

24. Thank you very much for your attention! http://www.eea.europa.eu markus.erhard@eea.europa.eu