1. Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 2.3 Territorial Cooperation at Different Scales ESPON Internal Seminar 2012 Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its Neighbourhood to Foster Global Competitiveness

2. Chair: Kieran Kearney, ESPON CU Facilitator: Antti Roose, Estonia ECP Reporter (to plenary): Cliff Hague 0945: Introduction 0950: Presentations by ESPON projects and MEDESS-4MS structured by key questions 1045: Coffee break 1115: Presentations (continued) 1135: Short policymaker interventions and plenary discussion 1250: Concluding statement by reporteur 1300: Close Organisation and structure 2

3. Presenters: Lisa Van Well, Nordregio: ESPON TANGO – Territorial Approaches for New Governance Lynne McGowan, University of Liverpool: ESPON ESTADOR - European Seas and Territorial Development, Opportunities and Risks George Zodiatis, Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety Katarzyna Zawalinska, EUROREG: ESPON TERCO - European Territorial Cooperation as a Factor of Growth, Jobs and Quality of Life Jürgen Pucher, Metis: ESPON TerrEvi – Territorial Evidence Packs for Structural Funds Short policy interventions: Odd Godal, Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional development Rune Rafaelsen, The Barents Co-Operation Discussants 3

4. Workshop 2.1 – key questions for ESPON projects 4 1.What are the main observations or conclusions - for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to territorial cooperation, current challenges and opportunities for territorial development and good governance models? 2.How do developments in Europe´s neighbourhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa? 3.What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration?

5. As a whole, the share of the neighborhood in the total number of international bilateral treaties is pretty high: 46% in September 2011. But without NO, SW, IS, the number of treaties falls to 193, (24%): 7% for Mediterranean countries, 8% for Western Balkans, 10% for Eastern neighbors, include. Russia. When looking at the evolution of the importance of the neighborhood in bilateral treaties, the neighbor countries are more and more important. However, the trends are not the same for all the parts of the neighborhood. The intensification of political relations is clear in the East (Russia, Ukraine, Moldova), except for Belarus. Besides, the political cooperation with the Western Balkans countries is also getting stronger. On the contrary, the Mediterranean neighborhood is generally far behind as if the Mediterranean Sea was a strong political limit, hampering the regional integration. 5 A Map Snapshot Bilateral Treaties 5

6. PART I What are the main observations or conclusions – for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to territorial cooperation, current challenges and opportunities for territorial development and good governance models? Trends and observations 6

7. Lisa Van Well, Nordregio: ESPON TANGO – Territorial Approaches for New Governance Trends and observations 7

8. TANGO: Territorial Trends (1) 8 Governance matters and territorial governance matters for territorial cohesion…but how, why, under which circumstances?

9. Three of 12 case studies deal with Territorial Cooperation: 1) Cross-border cooperation Rhine Basin 2) Governance of natural areas in the Alpine Adriatic area (transnational) 3) Territorial climate change governance in the Baltic Sea Region (macro- regional) A clear territorial, legal and administrative framework, that allows formulating general targets on a cross-border level or transnational level and provides enough flexibility for actions on the local level, can help to achieve territorial goals TANGO: Territorial Trends (2) 9

10. Macro-regions as new arenas to facilitate territorial cooperation: Establishing a climate change adaptation strategy within the EUSBSR withno new legislation, institutions or instruments needs to take place within existing governance constellations (BSR Programme: BaltCICA, BaltAdapt) projects) Climate change adaption strategy within EUSBSR needs: 1. Normative (informal) governing of the institutional complexity of the issue (visions and goals) 2.Coordination of actors and actions, existing EU instruments 3.Knowledge brokerage functions 4.Mobilising political commitment 5.Building institutional capacity TANGO: Territorial Trends (3) 10

11. Lynne McGowan, University of Liverpool: ESPON ESTADOR - European Seas and Territorial Development, Opportunities and Risks Trends and observations 11

12. Conceptual Challenges: Territorial is not just terrestrial – the marine environment is an integral part of EU (ESPON) space and we have undervalued the importance of land-sea interactions in shaping territorial development 1. territorial cooperation, current challenges and opportunities for territorial development, good governance models (ESTADOR) 12 Land-Sea Interactions

13. 13 Opportunities: Integrated Maritime Policy, Blue Growth recognizing this agenda, supporting activities with high growth potential e.g. short sea shipping, wind energy, blue biotech GDP in coastal regions (2009) compared to national averages 1. territorial cooperation, current challenges and opportunities for territorial development, good governance models (ESTADOR)

14. 14 Good Governance Emergence of marine planning parallel to terrestrial planning - how do they connect? Examples of governance are often based on national jurisdictions, maritime flows and environmental quality shaped by transnational activities. Some good examples of informal transnational co-operation as well as formal structures and processes (ESaTDOR case studies, e.g. Northern Dimension, Adriatic-Ionian Initiative, Wadden Sea)

15. Katarzyna Zawalinska, EUROREG: ESPON TERCO - European Territorial Cooperation as a Factor of Growth, Jobs and Quality of Life Trends and observations 15

16. * Different scales of TC in TERCO: Territorial co-operation (TC) at different scales (TERCO) 16 * At program level TERCO investigated: Twinning cities, INTERREG A, B,C, transcontinental co-operation and co-operation with Neighbourhood countries. * At regional level TERCO created typology of co-operation in different types of regions * At individual project/beneficiaries level TERCO created model of successful territorial co-operation

17. Challenge1: territorial co-operation as a means of territorial integration not often happens Challenges of territorial co-operation (TERCO) 17 Challenge 2: territorial co-operation fostering economic development and competitiveness yes, but more indirectly Challenge 3: territorial co-operation building good neighbourhood relations Finland- Russia, Poland-Ukraine, Spain-Morocco Challenge 4: territorial co-operation reducing negative border effects between stronger a nd weaker regions or OMS vs NMS Challenge 5: networking of cities via TC co- operation linking EU with Neighbourhood countries Challenge 6: Unification of natural ecsystems divided by borders

18. TC contributes to socio-economic development via institutional capacity-building, the professionalisation of staff, the circulation of innovative management ideas and strategies. Territorial co-operation and territorial development (TERCO) 18 TC would translate more into territorial development if it fosters more flows across borders, e.g. trade, FDI, tourists, etc. Territorial co-operation is important for territorial development of poorer, peripheral and border regions

19. There is no ideal, generic framework for ideal TC governance The best working governance is based on broad partnerships (involving the state, the private sector and foundations as well as civil society at large). Attracting business to the co-operation partnership would be beneficial Co-operation of sustainable partnerships, rather than mere projects, should be a target of multi-annual support. Continuity and consistency of co-operation in TC must be supported as key factors of its efficiency. Key element is a user-friendly delivery mechanisms. EGTC regulation is a good example of improvements in TC governance Good governance practices are many and their number increases with complexity of the programs. In new MS are usually ad-hoc, locally driven initiatives while in old MS they are more advanced structures and solutions Good governance and good practices of territorial co-operation (TERCO) 19

20. Jürgen Pucher, Metis: ESPON TerrEvi – Territorial Evidence Packs for Structural Funds Trends and observations 20

21. The TerrEvi case studies 21

22. The TerrEvi case studies 22

23. In 2013 the Territorial Evidence Packs (TEP) for the TerrEvi project will be elaborated 5 TNC areas, 1 CBC area and 4 regional programmes will be receiving this detailed analysis aiming at supporting the programming activities for the next period Extended factsheets, workshop together with the programme and a coherent reporting will be the main steps on the path to the TEP Territorial Evidence Packs (TerrEvi) 23

24. Territorial Evidence Packs – Overview cases (TerrEvi) 24 TNC (blue line)CBC (purple line)Regional (red filling) Alpine SpaceSlovakia - AustriaMolise Atlantic AreaUmbria North West EuropeThessalia North SeaNorte South East Europe

25. How do developments in Europe´s neighbourhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa? Neighbourhood influence 25

26. Lisa Van Well, Nordregio: ESPON TANGO – Territorial Approaches for New Governance Neighbourhood influence 26

27. Includes bottom-up regulatory governance and top-down normative governance Integrating Russia in the strategy: During Russian presidency of CBSS highlight macro- regional CCA strategy. Russia involved through strong Commitment to CBSS TANGO: Developments in Europes Neighbourhood 27

28. Lynne McGowan, University of Liverpool: ESPON ESTADOR - European Seas and Territorial Development, Opportunities and Risks Neighbourhood influence 28

29. Some good established examples of cooperation between EU and neighbours on environmental protection, e.g. OSPAR, HELCOM – had positive impacts on their respective regions and in terms of facilitating more integrated approaches to planning. Shipping – increased flows of goods and people within/between EU and rest of world – opening up new markets. But – growing importance of non-EU ports affects position in global trade. Energy – Europe able to increase energy supplies from N Africa, Black Sea, Russia etc., but at same time need to increase self sufficiency – potential to export renewable energy expertise. How do developments in Europe´s neighborhood influence the territorial development in Europe and vice-versa? (ESTADOR) 29

30. Katarzyna Zawalinska, EUROREG: ESPON TERCO - European Territorial Cooperation as a Factor of Growth, Jobs and Quality of Life Neighbourhood influence 30

31. Neighbourhood countries preferences towards thematic domains of TC include: infrastructural projects, cultural events, educational exchange, emigration issues. Territorial co-operation (TC) with neighbourhood countries (TERCO) 31 TC with Neighbourhood countries create opportunity for border regions of ESPON territory Usually lower scope of territorial cooperation prevails in co-operation with Neighbourhood countries (e.g. exchange of experience). However it play an important introductory role to more advanced TC projects. Should TC include infrastructure investment?

32. Jürgen Pucher, Metis: ESPON TerrEvi – Territorial Evidence Packs for Structural Funds Neighbourhood influence 32

33. Macro-Regions like the EUSDR or the EUSBSR are one of the cooperative links between the EU and its neighbours. Cooperation should always go beyond administrative borders. This is especially the case for fields like environment, traffic, transportation, mobility, security etc. Many CBC and TNC analysed in the TerrEvi factsheets are also part of a European Macro-Region (South East Europe – Danube Programme) Macro-Regions connect Europe and its neighbours (TerrEvi) 33

34. PART III What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration? Competitiveness through cooperation? 34

35. Lisa Van Well, Nordregio: ESPON TANGO – Territorial Approaches for New Governance Competitiveness through cooperation? 35

36. Need to find a home for the strategy: Further need for coordination of policies, programmes and projects that contribute to it, including those with Russia 1.Common territorial rationale (added value of transnational level) 2.Long-term agenda (transcends project level) 3.New modes of governance for territorial cohesion 4.Political resources (legitimacy) and institutional capacity 5.Concrete action and coordination among actors Reduce governance complexity rather than add to it! TANGO: Opportunities and Challenges of EUSBSR - CCA 36

37. Lynne McGowan, University of Liverpool: ESPON ESTADOR - European Seas and Territorial Development, Opportunities and Risks Competitiveness through cooperation? 37

38. Challenges – finding the most effective instruments to manage transboundary issues (appropriate scale, formal vs. informal cooperation, incentives) allowing for economic development but recognising differing degrees of environmental resilience in different sea regions. Opportunities - Cooperation through bilateral/transnational agreements, whether hard or soft law, can help to promote more sustainable resource use in areas where lack of appropriate governance/management has hindered development (e.g. Barents Treaty) Integrated Maritime Policy, Blue Growth etc. can stimulate integration between land and sea, but need to be properly embedded within spatial planning processes. Can sea basin strategies unlock the potential for Blue Growth? 3. What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration? (ESTADOR) 38

39. Katarzyna Zawalinska, EUROREG: ESPON TERCO - European Territorial Cooperation as a Factor of Growth, Jobs and Quality of Life Competitiveness through cooperation? 39

40. The issue-based approach to TC and good governance practices need to be implemented. Re-thinking strategic thematic domains of territorial co-operation: - strategic concentration on territorial keys (accessibility, services of general economic interest, territorial assets, urban networking, functional regions) Extension of geographical areas for co-operation: -covering functional areas not only administrative units Strengthening governance of territorial co-operation -more flexibility, incentives for partnership with business Possibly supporting other forms of co-operation (city networks, etc.) and special schemes for Neighbourhood countries Conclusions on how to achieve competitiveness through co- operation and integration ? (TERCO) 40

41. Jürgen Pucher, Metis: ESPON TerrEvi – Territorial Evidence Packs for Structural Funds Competitiveness through cooperation? 41

42. The EUSDR consists of 11 Priority Areas (PA) including certain topics coming along with indicators used for the TerrEvi factsheets Environment and climate change as well as the education and the employment situation number among these topics Both opportunities and challenges can also be identified for other EUSDR priorities like security (human trafficking or organised crime) as well as promoting culture and tourism etc. Macro-Region priorities versus EU and its neighbours (TerrEvi) 42