2.  Political, social, and economic change in America at the turn of the 20 th century  Progressives – those who support these reforms. ◦ Wanted to make society better through government regulation

3.  Authors and journalists who exposed abuse and corruption in government and big business (coined by Theodore Roosevelt)  Ida Tarbell – exposed Standard Oil trusts  Upton Sinclair – wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the meat packing industry ◦ Led to Federal Meat Inspection Program

4.  Opened Hull House as a settlement house in Chicago. ◦ Established in poor neighborhoods ◦ Offer assistance to immigrants and underprivileged citizens

5.  Wanted to eliminate alcohol  Many supporters were churchgoers and women ◦ Carrie Nation would go into saloons and smash bottles of liquor with a hatchet  Eighteenth Amendment – prohibited the making, selling, and alcoholic beverages ◦ Prohibition

6.  Most recognizable leaders were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton  1920 Nineteenth Amendment was passed ◦ Gave women the right to vote

7.  Jim Crow laws – required segregation of blacks and whites. Blacks were restricted from using the same public facilities.  Plessy v. Ferguson – Supreme Court upheld segregation as long as the facilities and services were equal. ◦ In reality they were not equal. Facilities for whites were usually superior.

8.  Many white progressives supported segregation and believed that African Americans would develop and advance culturally in their own society.  W.E.B. DuBois was the first black Ph.D. graduate from Harvard and rejected segregation. Believed that blacks must be politically, socially, and legally active in order to obtain true equality

9.  W.E.B. DuBois helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) ◦ Organization devoted to the progress of the African-American community

10.  Political corruption was a major issue of the day. Through progressive reforms the Seventeenth Amendment passed. ◦ US senators would be elected by the people rather than state legislatures.  Initiative, Recall, and Referendum ◦ Initiative – citizens could force a vote on an issue if enough citizens signed a petition. Citizens started a bill. ◦ Recall – Citizens could hold special elections to remove corrupt officials from office before their term was up ◦ Referendum – Public officials are elected by popular vote rather than party bosses or state legislatures.

11.  16 th – Income tax on individuals and businesses  17 th – US senators elected directly by the people  18 th – Banned the making, selling, and transportation of alcohol  19 th – Right to vote for women  World War I marks the end of the Progressive Era!