1. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

2. Carbon  Why is carbon so special?  Atomic # 6  4 valence electrons  Can make up to 4 covalent bonds  Building block for the biomolecules of life!

3. Macromolecules  4 Macromolecules  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Protein  Nucleic Acids  P eople L ove C hicken N uggets

4. Macromolecules  Every macromolecule has  Monomer  Single unit of a whole  Polymer  Many units or monomers bonded together

5. Carbohydrates  Made of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen  Unique 1:2:1 pattern  Used for energy mostly and sometimes for structure in plants  Monomer: monosaccharide  2 monomers: disaccharide  Polymer: polysaccharide

6. Units of Carbs  There are 3 monosaccharides  Glucose – our energy source  Fructose - sweetner  Galactose – not as common  There are 3 polysaccharides  Glycogen – how we store carbs  Starch – how plants store carbs  Cellulose – structure in plants

7. Lipids  Made of carbon & hydrogen  Does not dissolve in water  High ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms  Four types of lipids  Fats  Oils  Waxes

8. Triglycerides

9. Triglycerides - FATS  Saturated Fat  Have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains – maximum # of H atoms  Straight chain  Usually animal fats  Solid at room temperature

10. Triglycerides – OILS  Unsaturated Fat  Have at least one double bond in their fatty acid chain  Forms a kink in the chain  Usually oils and from plants  Liquid at room temperature

11. Phospholipid

12.  Found in all our cells  Makes up the cell membrane  2 layers of phospholipids  lipid bilayer

13. Phospholipid Bilayer

14. Wax  One fatty acid chain to a glycerol  Waterproof  Create protective layer in animals and plants

15. Steroids - hormones

16. Steroids  Four carbon rings linked together  Usually our hormones  Ex: Cholesterol is found in our cell membranes

17.  http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi ty/obesity_molecular/01.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/obesi ty/obesity_molecular/01.html  http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID= AP13204 http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID= AP13204

19. Protein  Macromolecules with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen  Monomer: amino acid  2 monomers: dipeptide  Polymer: polypeptide

20. Amino Acids  Each amino acid has three main groups  Amino group  Carboxyl group  R group (changes)  Change the formation and properties of the amino acid

21. Amino Acid

22. Glycine

23. R group  The R group makes each amino acid different  There are 20 possible amino acids based off this one group  The R group is = variable

25. Proteins  Peptide bond = covalent bond  Links amino acids together  For every peptide bond, one molecule of water is formed

26. Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va0D NJId_CM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va0D NJId_CM

31. Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a 8yUYQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a 8yUYQ

32. Enzymes  Proteins are in our bodies everywhere!  Enzyme is a type of protein that is a catalyst  Catalyst starts a reaction  Produce proteins

33. Enzymes  Each enzyme has an area known as the active site  Where a specific molecule binds and a reaction occurs  The molecule binding is called a substrate

34. Enzyme conditions  Enzymes work at a specific conditions  Temperature  pH  Causes enzyme to change shape and lose its function

35.  http://www.sumanasinc.com/webconten t/animations/content/proteinstructure.ht ml http://www.sumanasinc.com/webconten t/animations/content/proteinstructure.ht ml

36. Nucleic Acids  Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

37. Nucleic Acids  Monomer = nucleotide  5 carbon sugar  Phosphorous group  Nitrogenous base

38. Properties  Store genetic information  Two kinds of nucleic acids  DNA  RNA

39. Fold it!  Help scientists figure out protein folding  This game is open to the public  The first hundred puzzles are known proteins  But many proteins are not decoded and scientists are asking for our help to figure them out  http://fold.it/ http://fold.it/