1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 26, part 3 The Urinary System

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 26-5 Renal Physiology: Reabsorption and Secretion

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Glomerular filtration produces fluid similar to plasma without proteins The PCT reabsorbs 60-70% of the filtrate produced Reabsorption of most organic nutrients Active and passive reabsorption of sodium and other ions Reabsorption of water Secretion also occurs in the PCT Reabsorption and secretion at the PCT Animation: Early Filtrate Processing PLAY Animation: Glomerular filtration PLAY

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.12 Transport Activities at the PCT Animation: Proximal Convoluted Tubule PLAY Figure 26.12

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The loop of Henle and countercurrent multiplication Countercurrent multiplication Between ascending and descending limbs of loop Creates osmotic gradient in medulla Facilitates reabsorption of water and solutes before the DCT Permits passive reabsorption of water from tubular fluid

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.13a Figure 26.13 Countercurrent Multiplication and Concentration of Urine

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.13b Figure 26.13 Countercurrent Multiplication and Concentration of Urine

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.13c Figure 26.13 Countercurrent Multiplication and Concentration of Urine

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings DCT performs final adjustment of urine Active secretion or absorption Absorption Tubular cells actively resorb Na + and Cl - In exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions (secreted) Reabsorption and secretion at the DCT

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.14 Figure 26.14 Tubular Secretion and Solute Reabsorption at the DCT Animation: Distal Convoluted Tubule PLAY

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.14c Figure 26.14 Tubular Secretion and Solute Reabsorption at the DCT

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reabsorption and secretion along the collecting system Water and solute loss is regulated by aldosterone and ADH Reabsorption Sodium ion, bicarbonate, and urea are resorbed Secretion pH is controlled by secretion of hydrogen or bicarbonate ions

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control of urine volume and osmotic concentration Urine volume and osmotic concentration are regulated by controlling water reabsorption Precise control allowed via facultative water reabsorption

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.15 Figure 26.15 The Effects of ADH on the DCT and Collecting Ducts

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.15a, b Figure 26.15 The Effects of ADH on the DCT and Collecting Ducts

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Removes solutes and water Balances solute reabsorption and osmosis in the medulla Function of the vasa recta

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Varies with the metabolic and hormonal events of the body Reflects filtration, absorption and secretion activity of the nephrons Urinalysis is the chemical and physical analysis of urine Composition of normal urine

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Each segment of nephron and collecting system contribute Glomerulus PCT Descending limb Thick ascending limb DCT and collecting ducts Concentrated urine produced after considerable modification of filtrate Summary of renal function: Animation: Late Filtrate Processing PLAY

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.16 A Summary of Renal Function Figure 26.16a

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.16 A Summary of Renal Function Figure 26.16b