1. Cells are the basic unit of all living things.

2.  Nucleus – contains DNA, regulates the functions of the cell.  Plasma membrane - regulates what goes into and out of the cell.  Mitochondria – where cellular respiration occurs.

3.  Ribosomes- Make proteins  Look like little dots  Structure III

4.  Cell wall – made of cellulose, protects plant cell and gives it shape.  Vacuoles – store food, water or waste. Large in plant cells, small in animal cells.  Chloroplast – where photosynthesis occurs.

5. Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ systems

6.  Nerve cells  Branching structure is well suited to carrying nerve impulses through the body.

7.  Red blood cells  smooth disk shape is well suited to traveling through blood vessels.

8.  Muscle cells need a great deal of energy, so they have many mitochondria located in them.

9. Plant cells  Cell wall  Large vacuoles  Chloroplasts  Rectangular shape Animal cells  No cell wall  Small vacuoles  No chloroplasts  Any shape

10. 1) Prokaryotes - No nucleus (no nuclear membrane) - Ribosomes - No membrane bound organelles - Small & primitive - Circular DNA (one chromosome)

11. 2) Eukaryotic - Nucleus (nuclear membrane) - Membrane bound organelles, have ribosomes - Large & complex

12.  Messages can travel from one nerve cell to another.

13. Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment

14.  Sweating  Blood vessels Dilate (get bigger)

15.  Shivering  Blood vessels constrict  Hair stands on end

16.  Buffers in blood help to keep blood from becoming too acidic or too basic.

17.  Insulin removes glucose from your blood by turning it into glycogen in your liver and muscles.  Glucagon puts glucose into your blood by converting glycogen into glucose.

18.  Too much water?  Urinate frequently and it is very dilute (urine is clear)  Too little water?  Urinate infrequently and it is very concentrated (urine is dark yellow)

19. 1. Passive transport (requires NO energy) a. Diffusion b. Osmosis 2. Active transport (requires energy)

20.  The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

21.  Special type of diffusion (of water!)  Movement of water thru a membrane  Requires no energy  Water moves from high concentration to low concentration

22.  Movement of molecules & ions from an area of low concentration to high concentration.  Requires Energy (ATP)

23.  Allows small molecules to pass through but not large ones

24. 1 st picture – RBC’s in salt water 2 nd –RBC’s in slightly salty water 3 rd – RBC’s in distilled water RBC= red blood cells