1. Ecological Consequences of Climate Change Miklós Kertész IEB HAS

2. U.S. Bureau of the Census Goldewijk and Battjes (1997) Global Change Human Population Land Cover Species Extinctions Global-scale changes that affect the functioning of the Earth System Much more than climate change Socio-economic as well as biophysical Features Reid & Miller (1989)

3. Distribution of forests – before major human impact

4. Distribution of forests - present

5. West European Heat Wave 2003 30% less primary production 0.5 Gt carbon source Delayed impact of forest crown damage Oxygene depletion in deep lakes Decline of mollusc species richness Extensive wildfires 5% of forests in Portugal, 1 billion

6. Coral reefs diversity hot-spot, high production, carbon sink breeding habitat for pelagic fishes, crustaceans, and cnidaria recreation value

7. Decaying coral reefs increase of temperature, dying of simbiont cyanobacteria fishery turism, collection

8. Growing coral reefs

9. Atelopus, small tropical frogs 1950s and 60s: Import of South Africal Xenopus laevis to the developed countries for obtaining reagent for pregnancy test From 1970s: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection of tropical frogs in Central and South Americas, and Australia 2006: 70 Central and South Americal Atelopus species extinct out of 110-112 Climate effect

12. agriculture Sessile oak Sessile oak + hornbeam beech Steppe + Dawny oak South North

13. agriculture Sessile oak Sessile oak + hornbeam Beech ? Steppe + Dawny oak South North ??

14. Habitat change Degradation Specialist Generalist K-strategist r-strategist Species of Species of small distribution large distribution Biological invasions System collapse

17. Distribution of forests – before major human impact

18. Distribution of forests - present

20. Provisioning services foods (including seafood and game) and spices precursors to pharmaceutical and industrial products energy (hydropower, biomass fuels) Regulating services carbon sequestration and climate regulation waste decomposition and detoxification nutrient dispersal and cycling Supporting services purification of water and air crop pollination and seed dispersal pest and disease control

21. Cultural services cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration recreational experiences (including ecotourism) scientific discovery Preserving services genetic and species diversity for future use accounting for uncertainty protection of options

22. Major sources Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch International Geoshpere-Biosphere Programme http://www.igbp.kva.se