1. 4.1.1 Biodiversity

2. Biodiversity The amount of biological diversity per unit area.
It includes: genetic, habitat and species diversity

3. Is the total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species.
Genetic Diversity
Is the total number of genetic characteristics of a specific species.

4. Habitat Diversity
Variety of forests, deserts, grasslands, lakes, oceans, coral reefs, wetlands, and other biological communities,
(niches per unit area).

5. Species Diversity
Is the number of species or organisms per unit area found in different habitats of the planet.

6. State of US species.

7. Critical and endangered
Projected Status of Biodiversity
1998–2018
Critical and endangered
Threatened
Stable or intact
ANTARCTICA
NORTH
AMERICA
EUROPE
AFRICA
ASIA
SOUTH
AUSTRALIA
Pacific
Ocean
Antarctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Indian
Atlantic
150°
90°
60°E 0°
30°W
120°
60°
30°N
30°S
Arctic Circle

8. What are the relationships among ecosystem stability, diversity, succession and habitat ?

9. How does diversity change during succession?
How does habitat diversity influence species diversity and genetic diversity?
How does ecosystem complexity, with its variety of nutrient and energy pathways, provide stability?
How do human activities (agriculture, mining, logging, etc.) modify succession?
What are the potential positive and negative results of human activities that simplify ecosystems? (monocrop agriculture)

10. Why Should We Care About Biodiversity?
Instrumental value:
usefulness to us.
Intrinsic value:
because they exist,
Regardless of whether
they are useful to us or
not.

11. Goods Food, fuel, ecosystems, species, fiber, lumber, paper, …
90% of today’s food crops
40% of all medicines (85% of antibiotics)
Foxglove
Digitalis purpurea,
Europe
Digitalis for heart failure
Pacific yew
Taxus brevifolia,
Pacific Northwest
Ovarian cancer

12. Ecological Services:
Flow of materials, energy, and information in the biosphere
Photosynthesis
Pollination
Soil formation and maintenance
Nutrient recycling
Moderation of weather extremes
Purification of air and water

13. Information:
Genetic information: adaptation and evolution
Genetic information for genetic engineering
Educational and scientific information
Option:
People would be willing to pay in advance to preserve the option of directly using a resource such as a tree, an elephant, a forest or a clean lake.

14. Recreation: Nonutilitarian:
Hunting, fishing, swimming, scuba diving, water skiing,
Eco-tourism
Nonutilitarian:
Existence
Aesthetic
Protect natural capital for future generations