1. 1 SCI-400 Spring 2008 TOPIC: Ways to efficiently run a tutoring center in the midst of the current budget crisis.

7. “Cloning Tutors” To efficiently and effectively tutor when there are many tutees seeking help, tutors can use the “cloning” method. To efficiently and effectively tutor when there are many tutees seeking help, tutors can use the “cloning” method. Tutors teach tutees and have tutees teach other tutees that come in with similar problems. Tutors teach tutees and have tutees teach other tutees that come in with similar problems.

8. The Pros and Cons This method ultimately helps the tutor because now the tutor can help another tutee with a different subject. This method ultimately helps the tutor because now the tutor can help another tutee with a different subject. This method helps the tutee reinforce what he/she just learned. This method helps the tutee reinforce what he/she just learned. The tutee that you helped may have not understood the concept fully when helping the other tutee. The tutee that you helped may have not understood the concept fully when helping the other tutee. Now you have two tutees that are misguided and need your help. Now you have two tutees that are misguided and need your help.

9. Encouraging New Volunteers Review knowledge for pre-professional tests (MCAT, GRE…) Review knowledge for pre-professional tests (MCAT, GRE…) Meet new people form new friendships Meet new people form new friendships Improve communication skills Improve communication skills Gain self-confidence Gain self-confidence Gain volunteer hours for a program or club Gain volunteer hours for a program or club

10. Finding volunteers Talk to organizations that encourage or require volunteer work: Talk to organizations that encourage or require volunteer work: Sororities or Fraternities Sororities or Fraternities Golden Key Golden Key Honor’s Club Honor’s Club SACCS (chemistry club) SACCS (chemistry club) Tri-beta (biology honors club) Tri-beta (biology honors club) Pre-professional clubs Pre-professional clubs

11. Help Students Utilize Other Resources Besides the Tutor

12. Resources include things like: Resources include things like: Class notes Class notes Textbooks – especially examples in the textbook Textbooks – especially examples in the textbook The internet - Google.com The internet - Google.com Professor office hours Professor office hours

13. Class Notes Class note are a great resource Class note are a great resource As tutors we need to teach students how to use their notes to find answers to their questions As tutors we need to teach students how to use their notes to find answers to their questions This way when the students are on their own, they will be able to find the answers This way when the students are on their own, they will be able to find the answers

14. Textbooks Textbooks provide examples that help solve problems Textbooks provide examples that help solve problems Reading the textbook helps find the answers to questions! Reading the textbook helps find the answers to questions! You have to spend the time to understand textbooks You have to spend the time to understand textbooks As tutors we need to help students learn how to use their textbooks as well As tutors we need to help students learn how to use their textbooks as well

15. The Internet When class notes and textbooks do not help, the internet can be a great resource When class notes and textbooks do not help, the internet can be a great resource Google.com can help you find information regarding many topics – you need to know how to search Google.com can help you find information regarding many topics – you need to know how to search Tutors can show students how to use the internet to get proper information Tutors can show students how to use the internet to get proper information

16. Professor Office Hours A lot of students don't realize how helpful going to office hours can be A lot of students don't realize how helpful going to office hours can be Professors are able to explain things in more detail Professors are able to explain things in more detail Going to office hours helps students become familiar with their professor Going to office hours helps students become familiar with their professor − We as tutors can tell students to make use of this resource when we are unable to help

17. Sub-topic: Tutor will teach tutees to grasp the overall concept of the problem in order to solve similar problems. Presented by Roman Selezinka. Presented by Roman Selezinka.

18. One of the ways to increase efficiency of MASH is to teach the tutees to develop the ability to categorize mathematical problems. Then similar problems will not have to be solved starting from scratch but, rather, a new problem will be assigned to a corresponding category and solved in a way similar to other problems that belong to the same category.

19. The next couple of examples illustrate the above approach and are taken from the real life situation experienced during the Spring quarter 2008 tutoring sessions at MASH.

20. Here is a problem on p.40 of the Calculus book by John Rogawski currently used by Cal Poly students. It asks a student to sketch the region enclosed by the curves of the two equations and compute its area.

21. The two equations are x = y 3 – 18y and y + 2x = 0. The student put together the table of values of x and y and sketched the graphs of both equations in one and the same coordinate system.

22. The most interesting was, of course, the first equation. The question that perplexed the tutee was: “How do we know that the graph of x = y 3 – 18y is symmetric?” That’s precisely where our idea of teaching the tutee to grasp the overall concept comes in. We tried graphing a couple of similar equations, likex = y 3 – 58y, x = y 3 + 15y, etc., using the graphing utility and re-discovered a very important property of the end behavior of the graph of a function.

23. From there, the student could clearly see that, since the basic equation of the cubic function, that is, y = x 3, is symmetric about the origin, which is the first thing we learn about the cubic function, any modification of this function only changes the curvature of the graph but the function stays the same, that is, the symmetry is preserved.

24. To realize this means to grasp an overall concept of the cubic function and its behavior. The symmetry of the graph of a cubic function is no longer in question, and the other graph is just a graph of a linear equation and we can now confidently calculate the area enclosed by these two curves using the techniques of integration.

25. Another example is that of a distance formula. The problem that another tutee had was to find some distance in a three dimensional coordinate system. The source here is omitted since the student had the problem hand-written on a piece of paper with no reference to the source.

26. We started applying our method by recalling a well-known Pythagorean equation which works in a two dimensional coordinate system. We showed the student that the hypotenuse of a right triangle can be thought of as a linear segment connecting two points, that is, the hypotenuse IS distance. D a b

27. Let us denote it by letter D. Then, the Pythagorean equation D 2 = a 2 + b 2 becomes Generalizing even further, we find that the distance concept can work in three dimensions as well and our good old Pythagorean formula becomes.

28. To conclude our presentation, we would like to stress the importance of teaching the tutee to classify problems by categories. This will enable the tutee to develop analytical thinking of their own by identifying the features that many problems have in common which, in turn, will lead to successful solutions of those by the tutee. This way, the need to hire more tutors will be diminished and we will get out of the current budget crisis sooner.

29. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.