1. Chapter 20 Community Ecology

2. Adaptations of Predators  Spiders Sticky Web  Wolf’s teeth- made for cutting flesh  The speed of a cheetah  Natural selection favors the evolution of predator adaptations for finding, capturing, and consuming prey.

3.  This angler fish lives so deep down in the ocean that no light can penetrate the depths.  To attract prey it has adapted the structure above its mouth to glow and wiggle like a worm.  When prey get close enough the sharp, needlelike teeth are adapted grasp and kill the prey

4. Adaptations of Animal Prey  Skunks spray a pungent odor.  Porcupines have defensive quills.

5. Adaptations of Animal Prey  Deceptive Markings- one species closely resembles another species.

6. Adaptations of Animal Prey  Camouflage- imitate objects to blend in with its environment

8. Adaptation of Plant Prey  Physical Defenses  Thorns, spines, sticky hairs, tough leaves

9. Adaptation of Plant Prey  Chemical Defense- Poisons or bad tasting  Ex: Poison Ivy

10. Symbiosis…  Close, long-term relationship between two organisms.  3 examples include:  Parasitism  Mutualism  Commensalism

11. Parasitism…  Similar to predation in that one organisms called a host, is harmed and the other organism, called the parasite, benefits.  Parasite feeds on the host for a long time.  Parasitism usually doesn’t result in immediate death of the host.  Ex: Endoparasites- heartworms, tapeworms  Ex: Ectoparasites- Lice, leeches, fleas, ticks

12. Mutualism…  Two species that derive some benefit from each other.  Ex: Pollination

13. Commensalism…  Interaction in which one species benefits and other is not affected.  Ex: Species that scavenge for leftover food  Ex: Cattle Egrets, Sucker Fish

14. Defenses we have against Parasites…  Skin  Tears  Saliva  Mucus  Cells of our immune system that attack parasites