4. Definitions 1111 3333 2222 4444 5555 1111 3333 2222 4444 5555 1111 3333 2222 4444 5555 1111 3333 2222 4444 5555 1111 3333 2222 4444 5555Definitions Attribution and examplesCausality Topic sentences

5. Question: What are greenhouse gases ? Check Your Answer Definitions #1

6. Answer: Greenhouse gases are gases such as carbon dioxide that absorb heat and prevent it from escaping into the atmosphere, thus warming the Earth. Back to the Game Board Definitions #1

7. Question: What is global warming ? Check Your Answer Definitions #2

8. Answer: Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Back to the Game Board Definitions #2

9. Question: What is the Kyoto Protocol? Check Your Answer Definitions #3

10. Answer: The Kyoto Protocol is a treaty which was made in 1997 among 160 countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Back to the Game Board Definitions #3

11. Question: What is the IPCC? Check Your Answer Definitions #4

12. Answer: The IPCC is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a network of 2,500 of the world’s leading climatologists from 70 countries. Back to the Game Board Definitions #4

13. Question: Who is Charles Keeling? Check Your Answer Definitions #5

14. Answer: Charles Keeling is the scientist who studied the increase in average carbon dioxide levels beginning in 1958 at a site on Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Back to the Game Board Definition #5

15. Question: What is a flood ? Check Your Answer Definitions #1

16. Answer: A flood is when there is deep water due to heavy rains or rising water levels in rivers, lakes, or seas. Back to the Game Board Definitions #1

17. Question: What are zooplankton? Check Your Answer Definitions #2

18. Answer: Zooplankton are tiny shrimplike animals that live near the surface of the ocean and are food for fish and marine animals. Back to the Game Board Definitions #2

19. Question: What is a variable in science ? Check Your Answer Definitions #3

20. Answer: A variable is one factor that may change in scientific research. For example, when scientists study global warming, one variable is carbon dioxide levels. Back to the Game Board Definitions #3

21. Question: What is a drought? Check Your Answer Definitions #4

22. Answer: A drought is a period when there is very low rainfall and exceptionally dry conditions. Back to the Game Board Definitions #4

23. Question: What is a fluctuation? Check Your Answer Definitions #5

24. Answer: A fluctuation is when something rises and falls; for example, the CO2 levels fluctuates in summer and winter. Back to the Game Board Definitions #5

25. Question: How does the greenhouse effect work? Check Your Answer Topic Sentence for 1

26. Answer: The greenhouse effect traps heat on Earth in a way that is similar to the way a glass building warms plants or the way a car heats up in the sunlight when the windows are closed. Back to the Game Board Topic Sentence for 1

27. Question: Describe the research and results about the rise in carbon dioxide levels … Check Your Answer Topic Sentence for 2

28. Answer: Based on Charles’ Keeling’s research, carbon dioxide levels rose between 1958 and 2000. Back to the Game Board Topic Sentence for 2

29. Question: What are some effects of global warming on agriculture, plants, and animals? Check Your Answer Topic Sentence for 3

30. Answer: Scientists predict that global warming will have serious effects on agriculture, plants, and animals. Back to the Game Board Topic Sentence for 3

31. Question: What are some of the recent findings of the IPCC? Check Your Answer Topic Sentence for 4

32. Answer: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is a group of the world’s leading climatologists, has found convincing evidence that global warming is already taking place and that it could have serious effects. Back to the Game Board Topic Sentence for 4

33. Question: Explain the Kyoto Protocol and some of the difficulties in getting countries to follow its requirements. Check Your Answer Topic sentence for 5

34. Answer: Although 160 countries agreed to the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, there have been difficulties in getting countries to follow its requirements. Back to the Game Board Topic Sentence for 5

35. Fill in the blank with a correct attribution word or phrase: ________________ the IPCC, sea levels have risen. Check Your Answer Attribution/ Example #1

36. Answer: According to the IPCC, sea levels have risen. Back to the Game Board Attribution/ Example #1

37. Fill in the blank with an attribution word/ phrase: The textbook, Environmental Science, ____________ that CO 2 levels rose from.314 to.368 parts per million between 1958 and 2000. Check Your Answer Attribution/ Example # 2

38. Answer: The textbook, Environmental Science, states that CO2 levels rose from.314 to.368 parts per million between 1958 and 2000. (reports, says) Back to the Game Board Attribution/ Example#2

39. Add an appropriate example: There are several greenhouse gases such as ____________, ____________, and ________. Check Your Answer Attribution/ Example #3

40. Back to the Game Board Attribution / Example #3 Answer: There are several greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, CFCS, and methane.

41. Add an appropriate example: The rise in sea levels might cause several problems; for instance,… Check Your Answer Attribution / Example #4

42. Answer: The rise in sea levels might cause several problems; for instance, there could be flooding of coastal areas and beaches could be eroded. Back to the Game Board Attribution/ Example #4

43. Add an appropriate example: Global warming could threaten human health; for example, … Check Your Answer Attribution / Example #5

44. Answer: Global warming could threaten human health; for example, there could be more heat- related deaths and more respiratory illness. Back to the Game Board Attribution / Example #5

45. Fill in the blanks with a cause/effect word or phrase Global warming may __________ a change in ocean currents and shut off the Gulf stream. Check Your Answer Cause and effect words #1

46. Answer: Back to the Game Board Cause and effect words #1 Answer: Global warming may cause a change in ocean currents and shut off the Gulf stream.

47. Fill in the blanks with a cause/effect word/ phrase: Global warming is difficult to predict ____________ there are so many variables. Check Your Answer Cause and Effect words #2

48. Answer: Global warming is difficult to predict since there are so many variables. (because, as) Back to the Game Board Cause and Effect Words #2

49. Fill in the blanks with a correct cause/effect word/phrase: There are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; ___________, the temperature is rising. Check Your Answer Cause and Effect Words #3

50. Answer: There are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; consequently, the temperature is rising. (therefore, as a result) Back to the Game Board Cause and Effect Words #3

51. Fill in the blank with a correct cause/effect word/phrase. ______________ the increase in carbon dioxide levels, the average temperature on Earth is rising. Check Your Answer Cause and Effect Words #4

52. Fill in the blank with a correct cause/effect word/phrase. Due to the increase in carbon dioxide levels, the average temperature on Earth is rising. (As a result of, Because of) Back to the Game Board Cause and Effect Words #4

53. Fill in the blanks with a correct cause/effect word/phrase: Global warming could __________________ more droughts and reduced crop yields. Check Your Answer Cause/Effect #5

54. Answer: Global warming could result in more droughts and reduced crop yields. (lead to, cause) Back to the Game Board Cause/Effect #5