1. Inclusive Entrepreneurship in Distressed Urban Areas The case of Lisbon Brussels, 10th October 2007

2. Context Increasing unemployment and poverty Increasing unemployment and poverty Spatial concentration in distressed urban areas Spatial concentration in distressed urban areas Employment, new job creation and entrepreneurship Employment, new job creation and entrepreneurship Context-dependency of entrepreneurship and innovation Context-dependency of entrepreneurship and innovation

3. Traditional and new problems

4. Developing a Policy for Inclusive Entrepreneurship OECD and Local Employment Initiatives OECD and Local Employment Initiatives European Commission and the Social Labour Market European Commission and the Social Labour Market Entreprises dInsertion Entreprises dInsertion Microcredit Microcredit

5. Poverty, problems and potential

6. Solutions, part of the problem

7. Distressed Urban Areas in Lisbon The Region of Lisbon concentrates 3,4 million people (30% of the population, 13% of the territory) The Region of Lisbon concentrates 3,4 million people (30% of the population, 13% of the territory) 2 541 000 people live in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon 2 541 000 people live in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon 262 distressed urban areas, 80 (1/3) newly built social housing areas 262 distressed urban areas, 80 (1/3) newly built social housing areas Alone in the town of Lisbon, 143 679 people live in 89 distressed urban areas (26% of the population) Alone in the town of Lisbon, 143 679 people live in 89 distressed urban areas (26% of the population)

8. KCidade Project 10 000 inhabitants 10 000 inhabitants Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Equal assumptions and principles as an experimental programme Equal assumptions and principles as an experimental programme

9. Testing the Tool Assumptions: why starting from an Equal project? Assumptions: why starting from an Equal project? Dimensions: building on previous knowledge and the tools structure Dimensions: building on previous knowledge and the tools structure Methodology: legitimacy, information and learning with the tool? Methodology: legitimacy, information and learning with the tool? Weaknesses and Strenghts: building a Community of Practice? Weaknesses and Strenghts: building a Community of Practice?

10. Key Policy Issues (I) Social protection, active and passive social policy (becoming formal?) Social protection, active and passive social policy (becoming formal?) Premises and residential space (household centred policy?) Premises and residential space (household centred policy?) Context, social networks and entrepreneurship (invisible entrepreneurs and relations?) Context, social networks and entrepreneurship (invisible entrepreneurs and relations?) Entrepreneurial initiative (Without pro- active action and changing context?) Entrepreneurial initiative (Without pro- active action and changing context?) Changing atitudes and behaviour (Without early stimulation?) Changing atitudes and behaviour (Without early stimulation?)

11. Key Policy Issues (II) Business strategies and minimum wage (Ways out of the traps?) Business strategies and minimum wage (Ways out of the traps?) Business and advice for inclusive entrepreneurship (Requiring adequate specific and generic skills?) Business and advice for inclusive entrepreneurship (Requiring adequate specific and generic skills?)

12. New Business Creation Business and advice for inclusive entrepreneurship (Requiring adequate specific and generic skills?) Business and advice for inclusive entrepreneurship (Requiring adequate specific and generic skills?) Sub-contracting, CSR and business opportunities (Without building local economic thickness?) Sub-contracting, CSR and business opportunities (Without building local economic thickness?)

13. New Business Creation Partnership and Local Governance (Without changing intermediate decision-making?) Partnership and Local Governance (Without changing intermediate decision-making?) Benefiting from Equal innovation (Without clarifying the role of experimental programmes and projects?) Benefiting from Equal innovation (Without clarifying the role of experimental programmes and projects?)

14. Urgent Action is Needed