1. Literature, Science, Suffrage and the Prelude to War

2. Suffrage The right to vote The word "suffragette" was first used to describe women campaigning for the right to vote in 1906

3. Women’s Suffrage In 1920, the 19 th amendment allowed all women over 21 to vote in the United States. In 1928, British law allowed all women over the age of 21 to vote in the United Kingdom.

5. Albert Einstein In 1916, Einstein published his paper on the general theory of relativity

6. Einstein In 1933 he renounced his citizenship for political reasons the Nazi's put a $5,000 bounty on his head He emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton

8. The Waste Land, 1922 One of the most influential poetic work of the twentieth century

9. The Wasteland a long, complex poem about the psychological and cultural crisis that came with the loss of moral and cultural identity after World War I

10. Published in 1925

11. Actress, 1925 Photo by Edward Steichen

12. Persistence of Memory, 1931, Salvador Dali

13. Published in 1932 Huxley is one of the most important literary and philosophical voices of the 20th Century

16. Spanish Civil War, 1936 Francisco Franco led a coup d’etat His coalition of “Nacionales” was made up of right wing fascists, monarchists, conservatives, elites, and the Church They feared the proletarian (worker) uprisings and communism

17. Barcelona, 1936

18. Militia fighters, 1936

19. International Brigade The Republic was supported by unions, labor movements, and volunteers from around the world fighting fascism Ernest Hemingway joined the International Brigade

20. Ernest Hemingway

21. Ernest Hemingway experienced war firsthand as a journalist he wrote dispatches from the frontlines He used war as a backdrop for many of his most memorable works.

22. Franco was supported by the Hitler and the German Nazis and Mussolini and the Italian Fascists The Republicans were supported by Soviet Russia and Mexico France, Great Britain, the United States stayed out of the war

23. the Great Depression 1930- 1940

24. Dust Bowl 1930 - 1936

25. Guernica Hitler’s planes devastated the city of Guernica, a city that posed no military threat

26. Franco’s dictatorship The Spanish Republic was defeated by March of 1939. Franco’s conservative dictatorship lasted until his death in 1975

27. Refuges cross into France

28. Rape of Nanjing, 1937

29. The Rape of Nanjing In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanjing and Over the next six weeks, they murdered 300,000 (at least one half) of the civilians and soldiers.

32. In the United States, reports published in the New York Times and Time Magazine, were greeted with skepticism from the American public. Most Americans had only a passing knowledge or little interest in Asia.

34. Hitler was re-arming Germany Hitler was expanding the borders of the Nazi Reich through devious political maneuvers.