1. Alberta Education K-12 ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Curriculum Coordinators’ Meetings October 2007 Purpose of presentation is to provide information on Alberta Education’s new comprehensive strategy for English as a Second Language (ESL). Jennifer.Jackson@gov.ab.ca

2. Alberta’s Context Increase in immigration to Alberta: Permanent Residents YearNumber % of Immigrants to Canada 200014,360 6.32% 200519,399 7.4% (Alberta has 10% pop.)

3. Alberta’s Context Settlement is concentrated in cities (2005) Lethbridge 228 Calgary11,185 Red Deer 322 Edmonton 6,013 Other 1,651 Note: Calgary receives more immigrants than all other places combined

4. Alberta’s Context Temporary Foreign Workers Increase in temporary foreign workers 2000 9,175 200516,070 (10.9% of total country) Settlement is more evenly distributed Calgary5,978 Red Deer 361 Edmonton3,170 Other AB6,561

5. Main Source Areas for Immigration to Alberta, 2005 Africa and Middle East15.6% Asia and Pacific56.8% South and Central America 7.0% USA 3.9% Europe and UK16.7% Over 50% are economic class immigrants 37% are between ages 0 to 24 Note: China and India account for 28.7% of immigrants to Canada (2005)

6. Language Profiles for Alberta, 2005 Defined as ability to carry on conversation (self-reported): English56.1% French 0.9% English and French 4.1% Neither38.9% Six in ten immigrants who landed and settled in Edmonton in 1996-2001 report using their mother tongue at home.

7. Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 Federal Act governing the immigration of economic class, family class and protected persons (refugees) Additional emphasis placed on selecting refugees with highest needs “Points” system places stronger emphasis on proficiency in one or both or two official languages

8. Supporting Immigrants and Immigration to Alberta Immigration policy for Alberta, announced in October 2005 Coordinated approach involving a number of departments Strategic directions of policy –Welcoming communities –Attracting immigrants to Alberta –Living in Alberta –Working in Alberta Enhancing ESL programming for K-12 will support strategic directions of the policy:

9. Language Learning: A Shared Responsibility “Responsibility for language learning is shared by students, parents, teachers and the community…Language development is the responsibility of all teachers.” »K-9 English Language Arts Program of Studies All teachers are or will be teachers of English as a Second Language. This involves understanding of: –Second language acquisition (including BICS and CALP) –Relationship of language, thinking and content learning –Cultural competence and diversity

10. Overview of ESL Alberta Education’s Role Policy 1.5.1: To facilitate the integration of the student into the regular school program at the earliest possible opportunity, Alberta Education will assist school boards in providing English as a second language programs to Alberta students who were born in Canada but who are not fluent in English, and to those who recently arrived in Canada and whose first language is not English. Policy

11. Alberta Schools ESL students identified by coding. Code supported by annual assessment of English language proficiency Coding of ESL children/students from K-12: Code 301: Foreign-born students Code 302: Unfunded ESL students Code 303: Canadian-born ESL students ESL students may also be coded with a special education code.

12. ESL Coding: Student Numbers Code/ Year 2000/20012005/2006 301 Foreign- born 9,17818,529 302 Unfunded 845 1,860 303 Canadian- born 12,49318,818 Total22,51639,207

13. Funding for ESL Students ESL funding provided to students with Codes 301 and 303 from Kindergarten to Grade 12. Funding provided for Enhanced ESL and Support Services for Immigrant Students Five year Funding Cap extended to seven years (new in 2006/07) Funding based on 35 Credit Enrolment Units provided for high school refugee students (Code 640) (new in 2006/07)

14. New Funding for 2007/08 ESL/Francisation funding is now available for ESL/Francisation coded children/students enrolled in Early Childhood Services (ECS) Private Operator Programs and Private Schools. Funding is being provided to support access to ESL/Francisation programming for children 3½ years of age.

15. ESL Funding Year/ Funding Codes 301 & 303 Enhanced ESL Supports 2000/2001 $14,050,440 2005/2006 $32,545,200$6,096,636

16. Programs/Resources Senior High Senior High ESL Program of Studies Senior High ESL Guide to Implementation Senior High Authorized Resources Kindergarten to Grade 9 K-9 ESL Guide to Implementation

17. Diploma Examinations/Provincial Achievement Tests Accommodations Diploma Exams: ESL students (including foreign/visiting/exchange students) permitted additional writing time, if consistently provided through school year Annual assessment on file, and must be submitted to Special Cases ESL students who have physical disabilities and/or specific learning disabilities may qualify for additional accommodations Bilingual dictionaries permitted in Part A of ELA 30-1 and 30-2, Français 30, French Language Arts 30, Social Studies 30 & 33

18. Diploma Examinations/Provincial Achievement Tests Accommodations Provincial Achievement Tests: Allowed up to twice allotted time to write Does not require superintendent approval or identification on test answer sheets Part A of grades 3 & 6 Mathematics are exceptions.

19. Review of ESL K-12 Program Implementation in Alberta Study Synopsis Howard Research and Management Consulting Inc. for Alberta Education 2004-2005 Available on Alberta Education Web site

20. Rationale for the Study Improve understanding of the factors that influence and possibly predict the academic success of ESL students in the Alberta context Value of the study lies in learning what optimal supports are required to maximize the educational achievements of ESL students The number of ESL students has been increasing by an average of 14% per year

21. Methodological Approach Quantitative and qualitative methodologies used to design and conduct this study Comprehensive Literature Review Eight Case Studies 47 Stakeholder/Expert Interviews Province-wide School Survey –Grades 10-12: 207 schools –Grades 7-9: 278 schools –Grades 4-6: 296 schools –Grades K-3: 291 schools –11,792 ESL students of 37,261 students coded in 2004/05 represented in study

22. Key Findings of the Study ESL Student Population Assessment of English Language Proficiency Leadership Instructional Models Pre-Service and In-Service Requirements Reasons for Early Leaving Individual-level predictors of success School-level predictors of success

23. Assessment of English Language Proficiency Schools reported using 64 different assessment models (many teacher-created) Stakeholders/Experts expressed general dissatisfaction with existing assessment tools, calling for Alberta-normed tools and consistent intake assessment Importance of both initial and ongoing assessment of English language proficiency for placement and instructional planning for ESL students Need for consistent assessment practices

24. Information Tracking Important to track information reflective of the predictors of academic achievement of ESL students Most important factors: –Proficiency in L1 (first language) –Proficiency in L2 (second language) –Past performance in L2 –Amount of formal schooling prior to ESL instruction Most schools collect information on students’ first language and level of English language proficiency, but not proficiency in L1

25. Pre-Service and In-Service Requirements 63% of schools reported that staff designated to teach ESL have some training 27% of ESL designated teachers have no training 14% of schools reported that ESL designated teachers have an ESL diploma, certificate or degree Professional development needed for understanding of language acquisition, cultural competence, differentiated instruction and assessment

26. Reasons for Early Leaving ESL student drop out rates exceed non- ESL drop out rates Attributed primarily to: –Lack of time to complete high school –Frustration at lagging behind peers (same age group) –Low self-esteem –Family responsibilities

27. Study Participants’ Recommendations 18 recommendations Assessments must be appropriate, formalized and used to inform instruction Standards for teaching requirements for ESL teachers Standardized program guidelines Collaboration with universities in research and in pre- service teaching Parent involvement and support Revised funding structure, relative to student need Support for information sharing across jurisdictions Cross-ministerial response to address needs of ESL students

28. Recommendations for Alberta Education by Consultants 1.Re-examine current funding structure for K-12 ESL. 2.Develop recommended list of diagnostic and assessment instruments. 3.Develop proficiency standards and guidelines for instructional strategies articulated with the Alberta Program of Studies.

29. Recommendations for School Jurisdictions 4.Ensure ESL students have sufficient support/time for learning English and subject matter content. 5.Provide more professional development opportunities.

30. Recommendations for Universities and School Jurisdictions 6.Create more opportunities for pre-service teachers to take ESL- related courses and take their practicum in schools with many ESL students. 7.Develop research agenda that addresses priority questions and issues related to ESL in Alberta.

31. Recommendations for Education and Advanced Education 8. Explore transition options for ESL students to complete high school requirements.

32. Future Directions in K-12 ESL Alberta Education, in consultation with partners and stakeholders Development of comprehensive strategy for K- 12 ESL: Response to recommendations ESL Interbranch Committee ESL Advisory Committee

33. Goal of Comprehensive Strategy Alberta Education’s comprehensive strategy for K-12 English as a Second Language education is to ensure that ESL standards are established to assist school jurisdictions in providing ESL educational supports and services. The comprehensive strategy encompasses review and/or development work on: Proficiency standards Programs of Study Assessments Support resources Learning and teaching resources Coding/funding Professional development Support for parents Research

34. ESL Proficiency Standards Develop Alberta Proficiency Standards for K- 12 ESL ESL Programs of Study Revise Senior High ESL Program of Studies Review need for K-9 ESL Program of Studies Review credit structure and the use of locally developed courses for Senior High ESL students

35. Assessments Review currently available assessments, develop and publish annotated list of assessments suitable for ESL students. Determine need for made-in-Alberta assessments, based on ESL proficiency standards

36. Resources Publish K-9 ESL Guide to Implementation Develop ESL chapter on differentiated instruction in Guide to Differentiated Instruction Develop ESL Administrators’ Handbook Identify, review and develop annotated bibliography of K-9 ESL teaching and learning resources. Review and authorize ESL learning and teaching resources to support revised Senior High ESL Program of Studies

37. Coding/Funding Review ESL coding to ensure clarity and consistency of use Make plan to adjust and more clearly define coding, if necessary. Review ESL funding rates on annual basis. Review structure of ESL funding

38. Professional Development Work with Curriculum Coordinators and Regional Consortia to provide professional development opportunities in ESL Develop PD package for ESL Forum to share best practices in ESL – Spring 2008 Support for parents Curriculum Express, K-3

39. Research Conduct literature review on ESL Include ESL component in other research. Establish research network in ESL –Research Symposium on December 7