1. Natural Resources

2. Soil and Forest Key Words: – Humus- broken down plant and animal matter in soil – Leaching-downward movement of minerals and humus in soils – Contour plowing-plowing hills across a field, rather than up or down – Soil Exhaustion-soil has lost nutrients and becomes useless for farming – Crop Rotation-planting different crops in a field in alternating years – Irrigation-process in which water is artificially supplied to the land – Soil Salinization-salt buildup in the soil – Deforestation-destruction or loss of a forest – Reforestation- replanting of a forest

3. Soil and Forest Soil is a natural material Soil varies from place to place It has horizons: A, B, and C – Topsoil, Subsoil, and Rocks Rain is very important to soil Producing the worlds food depends on soil Forests protect the soil from soil erosion, provides habitats, and yields useful products – Wood, food, medicine, oil, and rubber

4. SoilForests ImportanceProvides mineral for plants to grow and produce food Provide wood, food, medicine, oils, and rubber Challenges1.) Soil Erosion with and without farmers 2.) Soil exhaustion 3.)Irrigation can lead to soil salinzation Deforestation, logging for wood, cleaning for farmland SolutionsContour Planning Crop Rotation Reforestation- planting new trees

5. Air and Water Key Terms – Acid Rain-polluted rain that can cause damage to trees and kill fish in lakes – Aqueducts-artificial channels for transporting water – Aquifers-rock layers where groundwater is plentiful – Fossil Water- groundwater that is not replenished by rain

6. Air and Water Living things depend on air and water Pollution threatens our air supply Maintaining clean water is a challenge to some Groundwater is important, people use this water to survive

7. Factions and cars burn fuel increasing smoke and fumes into the atmosphere Air and Water Acid Rain which can damage trees and cut down trees\s and kill fish

8. Mineral Resources Key Terms: – Ore-mineral bearing rock Minerals are solid substances that come from the ground Minerals can be used in many ways: construction, jewelry, and manufacturing Many products are made from recycled minerals

9. ResourcesUses RockBlocks for buildings MetalsAirplanes, soft drink cans, etc.. SaltFood GoldJewelry

10. Energy Resources Terms: – Fossil Fuels – energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals – Petrochemicals- certain products made from oil – Hydroelectric Power-electricity produced by moving water – Geothermal Energy-heat of Earth’s interior

11. Energy has become one of the most important nonrenewable resources New technologies have advanced energy as a resource Energy resources include coal, natural gas, and petroleum. They are also called fossil fuels Having plenty of fossil fuels is key for a country’s success Renewable resources include wind, water, heat, and solar energy

12. ResourcesNonrenewableRenewable Coal: Steam engines, electric power X Natural Gas: Generate Electricity X Petroleum (oil): FuelX Wind: WindmillsX Water: Hydroelectric Power, Dams X Heat: Geothermal Power X Solar Energy: Solar Panels X