1. Functional Neuroanatomy: The nervous system and behaviour Chapter 2

2. Neuroanatomical methods nisslmyelingolgiautoradiographyImmunohistochemistry In vivo imaging

3. Examples of Nissl stains

4. Example of fibre stain (gold chloride)

5. Example of Golgi method

6. Example of autoradiography

7. Example of immunohistochemistry Arc-positive cells after varying amounts of sleep deprivation

8. Imaging brain structure

9. Imaging activity

10. Types of cells in the nervous system Neurons The main information processors The main information processorsGlia Important supporting roles Important supporting roles

11. Types of glial cells Astrocytes support, nurturance support, nurturance

12. Oligodendroglia or Schwann cells insulation

13. Oligodendroglia or Schwann cells insulation

14. Microglia Represent the immune system in the brain (protect from invasion, clean up debris)

15. Basic structure of the neuron cell body nucleusdendriteaxonmyelinboutons

16. Categorization of neurons by shape multipolar, unipolar, bipolar multipolar, unipolar, bipolar

18. Categorization of neurons by shape multipolar, unipolar, bipolar multipolar, unipolar, bipolar by size large (pyramidal, eg) large (pyramidal, eg) small (granule, eg) small (granule, eg)

20. Categorization of neurons by shape multipolar, unipolar, bipolar multipolar, unipolar, bipolar by size large (pyramidal, eg) large (pyramidal, eg) small (granule, eg) small (granule, eg) by function sensory neuron sensory neuron motor neuron motor neuron interneuron interneuron

21. The basics of the synapse Neurons communicate at synapses synapses can be chemical or electrical, but chemical synapses are more common

22. Boutons, cleft, dendritic spines, postsynaptic membrane, vesicles, transmitter, receptors Synaptic terminology

23. Axonal transport Anterograde vs retrograde microtubules and neurofilaments

24. Anterograde vs retrograde axonal transport

26. Information flow Terminology: Afferents and efferents convergence (many:one) and divergence (one:many) nuclei (containers of DNA) and nuclei (collections of neurons)

27. Neuroanatomical terms and conventions

28. Neuroanatomical directions Rostral vs. caudal Dorsal vs. ventral Medial vs. lateral Superior vs. inferior

29. Terminology: Central nervous system (CNS) vs Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

30. Meninges Dura mater (tough mother) arachnoid pia mater

31. The very thing

32. Major divisions of the brain

33. Lobes of cerebral cortex Sulci and gyri maximize surface area

34. Cytoarchitecture

35. Brodmann’s areas

36. The limbic system

37. Basal ganglia

38. Midline structures of the brain

39. Diencephalon Thalamus A large mosaic of nuclei which contribute to sensory and motor processing (you’ll meet several of the nuclei later in the course when we look at systems). A large mosaic of nuclei which contribute to sensory and motor processing (you’ll meet several of the nuclei later in the course when we look at systems).Hypothalamus Located just inferior to the thalamus Located just inferior to the thalamus A collection of nuclei involved in motivated behaviour (feeding, drinking, sexual behaviour) A collection of nuclei involved in motivated behaviour (feeding, drinking, sexual behaviour)

40. Mesencephalon (midbrain) Tectum (roof) Superior and inferior colliculi Superior and inferior colliculi Tegmentum (floor) Some reticular nuclei and cerebellar relay nuclei Some reticular nuclei and cerebellar relay nuclei Also contains substantia nigra and crus cerebri Also contains substantia nigra and crus cerebri

41. Metencephalon Cerebellum A ‘mini’ brain for computing skilled movements and many other things A ‘mini’ brain for computing skilled movements and many other thingsPons Many cranial nerve nuclei, reticular nuclei, long tracts Many cranial nerve nuclei, reticular nuclei, long tracts

42. Metencephalon Pons (contains cranial nerve nuclei, reticular nuclei)

43. Metencephalon Cerebellum Many fine folds (folia) increase surface area Many fine folds (folia) increase surface area Very large # of cells with very tight organization Very large # of cells with very tight organization

44. Myelencephalon (medulla) Some nuclei related to breathing, heart rate (so-called vegetative functions) Long tracts

45. Another view of the brainstem

46. Spinal cord

47. Autonomic nervous system

48. Ventricular system

49. Blood supply