1. APA (5 th ed.) Citation Style How to create reference list entries and how to cite them a paper or report Garth Homer Nov. 2008

2. Overview purpose of a style guide purpose of a style guide standardize standardize easier to find what you want easier to find what you want Provide credibility Provide credibility somewhat arbitrary somewhat arbitrary APA does not always “make sense” but … APA does not always “make sense” but …

3. Overview if there is a question about how to do it, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source if there is a question about how to do it, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source APA has a Web site that can also be useful APA has a Web site that can also be useful http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html

4. CITATIONS AND REFERENCES DEFINITION: CITATIONS ARE USED WHEN FACTS OR OPINIONS ARE USED IN THE BODY OF YOUR REPORT OR RESEARCH WORK TO ADD VALIDITY. TO USE AN OPINION THAT IS NOT YOUR OWN AND NOT CITE IT CAN BE PALGERISM. REFERENCES GIVE THE DETAIL AROUND YOUR CITATIONS. ONLY CITED WORKS CAN APPEAR IN YOUR REFERENCE LIST.

5. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy ] Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of C. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, yyy-yyy. periodical, xx, yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. hanging paragraph format hanging paragraph format

6. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2003). Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2003). Corporate social responsibility. Quality Corporate social responsibility. Quality Progress, 36, 27-33. Progress, 36, 27-33.

7. Citing a source in the paper 1. One work by one author 1. One work by one author Author’s name given in the body of your paper: Author’s name given in the body of your paper: Leonard and McAdam reported… (2003) Leonard and McAdam reported… (2003) Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: In a study on the comparison process (Leonard& McAdam 2003)… In a study on the comparison process (Leonard& McAdam 2003)…

8. Citing a source in the paper 2. Citing a secondary source 2. Citing a secondary source In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003)… In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003)… Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003) has shown … Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003) has shown … Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003). Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).

9. Citing a source in the paper 3. Direct quotations 3. Direct quotations For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617). Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).

10. ONLINE RESOURCES

11. Structure of a reference: Online Document

12. Structure of a reference: Online Periodical If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Title of journal Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Title of journal Retrieved month, day, year from source Retrieved month, day, year from source -ADDED INFORMATION- -ADDED INFORMATION- Retrieved month, day, year, from source. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. when YOU retrieved it when YOU retrieved it

13. Structure of a reference: Online Document Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Title of journal Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Title of journal Retrieved month, day, year from source or DOI Retrieved month, day, year from source or DOI electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters

14. Online article in a database

15. Structure of a reference: Online Periodical ( NO DIGITAL IDENTIFIER) Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust. Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust. Harvard International Review, 25, 76- Harvard International Review, 25, 76- 83. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the 83. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the Academic Search Premier database. Academic Search Premier database. Citation: ( Leeds, 2003 )

16. Online Article ( with D.O.I)

17. Quick,J.C. (2008) Quick reaction to ‘executive dilemmas’. Consulting psychology Journal: practice and research, 60 (1) 38-41.doi: 10.1037/1065-9293.60 Citation: (Quick, 2008)

18. Structure of a reference: Online Document MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved January 13, 2004, from http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/ MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved January 13, 2004, from http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/ Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period

20. Structure of a reference: Online Corporate Web Site WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved November 8, 2008, from http://www.westjet.com November 8, 2008, from http://www.westjet.com

21. Structure of a reference: DVD. Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & Shepard, K. (Director). (2001). Who Shepard, K. (Director). (2001). Who stole my cheese? [DVD], United stole my cheese? [DVD], United States: Doubletake Productions. States: Doubletake Productions.

22. Online document

23. Reference for a webpage Macdonald,C. (n.d.) Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes /

24. Citing a source in the paper 4. Electronic sources without page numbers 4. Electronic sources without page numbers Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. (Macdonald, 2008, ¶ 5) (Macdonald, 2008, ¶ 5) (Macdonald, 2008, Conclusion, para. 1) (Macdonald, 2008, Conclusion, para. 1)

25. Structure of a reference and citation: Annual report Reference: Reference: WestJet Airlines. (2002). Annual report to shareholders, Calgary, AB: Author. shareholders, Calgary, AB: Author. Citation: Citation: (WestJet Airlines, 2002) (WestJet Airlines, 2002)

26. Statistical sources Build your reference in three steps: With the product you want to cite on your screen or in hand, follow these three steps: With the product you want to cite on your screen or in hand, follow these three steps: Step 1. Identify the product category of the product you want to cite. Step 1. Identify the product category of the product you want to cite. Step 1. Step 1. Step 2. Determine what information you need to include in your reference. Step 2. Determine what information you need to include in your reference. Step 2 Step 2 Step 3. Use your preferred style to finish your reference. Step 3. Use your preferred style to finish your reference. Step 3. Step 3. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/2006001/build.htm http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/2006001/build.htm http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/2006001/build.htm

27. Newspaper article ( no author) The age of the entrepreneur is over. (2008,September 14). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www/theglobeandmail.com

28. Personal communications Includes interviews, phone conversations, discussions, E- mail from one individual to another (Non archived discussions) G. Homer ( personal communication, April 18, 2008)……. (B. Franklin, personal communication, July 2, 2006) NOTE: because they do not represent recoverable information they do not appear in the reference list.

29. Private information Briefs,corporate documents, working papers Economic Development Commission, Kelowna. ( 2008, March) Employment levels in Kelowna by month ( working Paper 4). Kelowna, Author

30. Paper presented at a virtual conference Beddoe, C., (2008). Westjet: the development of a concept. Paper presented at the Conference on Leadership. Virtual Confernce. Retrieved May 16, 2008 from http://www.stanford.edu/conference/leadership/

31. Conclusions Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.) available in the Reference Collection of Library available in the Reference Collection of Library Individual professors may have particular preferences Individual professors may have particular preferences consult with them on how they might want the references presented consult with them on how they might want the references presented

32. Prepared by Garth Homer, Librarian, business and statistics. Okanagan College Okanagan College 2008 2008