1. DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards Clemson, SC, March 10, 2005 Dr. Alexander Apostolov AREVA T&D Automation

2. > DER IEC61850 Object Models2 Introduction  IEC 61850 is now an approved international standard  It allows the extension of the modelling concept to cover different domains and applications  The successful implementation requires good understanding of the principles of the standard and the specifics of the domain

3. > DER IEC61850 Object Models3 Distributed Energy Resources

4. > DER IEC61850 Object Models4 Objects  An object is “.. a thing that can be seen and touched; material thing that occupies space.. “. Webster New World Dictionary of the American Language  In object-oriented design (OOD) an object is an abstraction of real world entities and functions in a problem domain.  Problem Domain is the application or process that is being modeled by Object Oriented representation (Classes and Objects) – power system protection and control.  Objects are encapsulated — that is, they contain both their code and their data, making them more easier to maintain

5. > DER IEC61850 Object Models5 Classes and Objects  A class is a template for the creation of objects, the description of one or more objects with the same definitions for information and behavior.  An object is defined as an instance of a class  Objects represent information and behavior :  properties (or components, attributes) Data that describe an object  services (or methods, and events) Methods are things you can tell the object to do Events are things the object does

6. > DER IEC61850 Object Models6 Classes and Objects

7. > DER IEC61850 Object Models7 Substation Communications Architecture Substation Computer IED Switch Substation HMI Router IED Switch SCADA Master WAN

8. > DER IEC61850 Object Models8 DER System Communications Architecture IED Switch Analysts WAN Substation 1 Substation 2Substation iSubstation j Substation Gateway EMS SCADA Server ISD EMS Traders IED DER

9. > DER IEC61850 Object Models9 Function Definitions  Functions in the substation are performed by the protection, control, monitoring and recording system.  A function can be divided into sub-functions and functional elements.  The functional elements are the smallest parts of a function that can exchange data.  These functional elements in IEC 61850 are called Logical Nodes

10. > DER IEC61850 Object Models10 Logical Node Groups  System Logical Nodes LN Group: L  Logical Nodes for protection functions LN Group: P  Logical Nodes for protection related functions LN Group: R  Logical Nodes for control LN Group: C  Logical nodes for generic references LN Group: G  Logical Nodes for interfacing and archiving LN Group: I  Logical Nodes for automatic control LN Group: A

11. > DER IEC61850 Object Models11 Logical Node Groups  Logical Nodes for metering and measurement LN Group: M  Logical Nodes for sensors and monitoring LN Group: S  Logical Nodes for switchgear LN Group: X  Logical Nodes for instrument transformers LN Group: T  Logical Nodes for power transformers LN Group: Y  Logical Nodes for further power system equipment LN Group: Z  Logical Nodes for Distributed Energy Resources LN Group: D

12. > DER IEC61850 Object Models12 Logical Nodes Group D  DER Controller DRCT  DER generator Ratings DRAT  DER Generator DRGN  Synchronization DSYN  Inverter DINV  Diesel Engine DIES  Fuel cell DFCL  Photovoltaics DRPV

13. > DER IEC61850 Object Models13 Logical Nodes Group D  Fuel Systems DFUL  Battery Systems DBAT  Environmental Conditions ENVR  Heat System DHET  Contractual Parameters DCCT

14. > DER IEC61850 Object Models14 Logical Nodes Information Categories

15. > DER IEC61850 Object Models15 Functional Constraints  The property of DataAttribute that shows its use is a Functional Constraint (FC).  Some more commonly used are:  CO – control  SP – set point  CF – configuration  DC – description  SG – setting group  MX – measurements

16. > DER IEC61850 Object Models16 Object Hierarchy Server Logical Device Logical Node Data Data Attribute

17. > DER IEC61850 Object Models17 Nested DataAttributes DATA Instance DataAttr DAComp

18. > DER IEC61850 Object Models18 Data path example MMXU1.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f  MMXU1: instance of LN class MMXU defined in Part 7-4  A: instantiation of the Composite DATA class WYE (defined in 7-3)  phsB: value of the current in phase B as a Simple Common DATA class of type CMV (defined in 7-3 )  cVal: is the complex value of the current in phase B (of the Common DataAttribute type Vector)  mag: this object represents the magnitude of the complex value (type AnalogValue - defined in 7-3)  f is a DataAttributeComponent which is of the basic type FLOATING POINT (defined in 7-2)

19. > DER IEC61850 Object Models19 Common data classes for measurand information  Measured value (MV)  Complex measured value (CMV)  Sampled value (SAV)  WYE  Delta (DEL)  Sequence (SEQ)  Harmonic value (HMV)  Harmonic value for WYE (HWYE)  Harmonic value for Delta (HDEL)

20. > DER IEC61850 Object Models20 Metering and Measurement Logical Nodes  Differential measurements Name: MDIF  Harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAI  Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAN  Metering Name: MMTR  Non phase related Measurement Name: MMXN  Measurement Name: MMXU  Sequence & imbalance Name: MSQI  Metering Statistics Name: MSTA

21. > DER IEC61850 Object Models21 Measured values attributes in MMXU

22. > DER IEC61850 Object Models22 Measurements Object MMXU

23. > DER IEC61850 Object Models23 Logical Nodes Data

24. > DER IEC61850 Object Models24 Setting Data

25. > DER IEC61850 Object Models25 Overcurrent Protection LN PTOC

26. > DER IEC61850 Object Models26 Setting Attributes

27. > DER IEC61850 Object Models27 Services

28. > DER IEC61850 Object Models28 Services  control devices (Operate service or by multicast trip signals) (1)  fast and reliable peer-to-peer exchange of status information (tripping or blocking) (2)  reporting of any set of data (data attributes), SoE – cyclic and event triggered (3)  logging and retrieving of any set of data (data attributes) – cyclic and event triggered (4)  substitution (5)

29. > DER IEC61850 Object Models29 Services  handling and setting of parameter setting groups  transmission of sampled values from sensors,  time synchronisation,  file transfer,  online configuration (6), and  retrieving the selfdescription of a device (7)

30. > DER IEC61850 Object Models30 IED Functional Hierarchy Multifunctional IED Device Identity Over- current Ground Definite time #1 PickupValue Function Phase Negat. Seq. Inverse time Instant. Time delay Directio- nality Minimum Maximum Step Function Control Sub-Function Control IED Functional Hierarchy

31. > DER IEC61850 Object Models31 Substation Functional Hierarchy PD2 LNn LD1 F2 PD1 LN4 LNn LD1 F1 F3 LN1 LN2 LN3 LN4 LN1 LN2 LN3

32. > DER IEC61850 Object Models32 IED Functional Hierarchy Substation Computer IED CTVTCTVT Station Bus Process Bus Station Bus Mappings (8-1) Layered Mapping (TCP/IP) GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync (SNTP) Process Bus Mappings (9-1,9-2) Sampled Values (Link) GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync (SNTP)

33. > DER IEC61850 Object Models33 Logical Interfaces

34. > DER IEC61850 Object Models34 Logical Interfaces  IF1: protection-data exchange between bay and station level  IF2: protection-data exchange between bay level and remote protection  IF3: data exchange within bay level  IF4: CT and VT instantaneous data exchange (especially samples) between process and bay level  IF5: control-data exchange between process and bay level

35. > DER IEC61850 Object Models35 Logical Interfaces  IF6: control-data exchange between bay and station level  IF7: data exchange between substation (level) and a remote engineer’s workplace  IF8: direct data exchange between the bays especially for fast functions like interlocking  IF9: data exchange within station level  IF10: control-data exchange between substation (devices) and a remote control center

36. > DER IEC61850 Object Models36 High-Speed Peer-to-Peer Communications  Generic Substation Event (GSE)  Based upon the asynchronous reporting of an IED’s functional elements status to other peer devices enrolled to receive it during the configuration stages of the substation integration process  Used to replace the hard wired control signal exchange between IED’s for interlocking and protection purposes  Mission sensitive, time critical and must be highly reliable.

37. > DER IEC61850 Object Models37 GSE Messages:  GSSE and GOOSE  Status/State Oriented  Event ID  Event Time  Higher Reliability  Periodic Refresh  Automatic Reset  Sequence Count

38. > DER IEC61850 Object Models38 Addressing Modes  Unicast communication takes place over the network between a single sending IED and a single receiving IED. The Destination Address identifies a unique device that will receive the Ethernet frame.  Multicast is the addressing mode in which a given frame is targeted to a group of logically related IEDs. In this case the Destination Address is the Multicast Address, also called a "group" address.

39. > DER IEC61850 Object Models39 Addressing Modes  Broadcast is the mode when an IED is sending a frame to all devices connected to the substation network.  The Destination Address in this case is a Broadcast Address - a multicast address identifying the group of all devices on a network - all 1 bits.  The Broadcast Domain includes all network segments joined together by bridges.

40. > DER IEC61850 Object Models40 Measuring Functions Decomposition IARCIHMI MMTRMMXU TVTR TCTR Substation Level Bay Level Process Level

41. > DER IEC61850 Object Models41 Multifunctional IED Object Model Server LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6

42. > DER IEC61850 Object Models42 Multifunctional IED Object Model Server LN1 LN2 LN3 LN4 LNn LD1

43. > DER IEC61850 Object Models43 Multifunctional IED Object Model PQM IED LN(i) MMXU1 LD1 MMTR1 MMHI1 MSTA1 MMXU2 MMHI2 MSTA2 HV MV hv mv

44. > DER IEC61850 Object Models44 Configuration File