1. The GREAT Depression The serious and worldwide economic decline of the 1930’s

3. What are they?

4. 1920’S PROSPEROUS TIME : NOT SHARED EQUALLY PEOPLE COULD BUY because of INSTALLMENT BUYING, FARMERS IN A DEPRESSION THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE DECADE.

5. RURAL POVERTY IN THE 1920’S

6. MANY FARMERS LOST THEIR FARMS. BELOW IS ONE OF THOUSANDS OF FARM FORECLOSURE SALES.

7. SPECULATING (buying and selling risky items in hopes of making a quick profit)

8. STOCK MARKET CRASH AND FINANCIAL PANIC WALL STREET ON THE DAY OF THE CRASH, OCTOBER 1929

9. REASONS FOR THE STOCK MARKET CRASH STOCKS WERE OVERPRICED DUE TO SPECULATION MASSIVE FRAUD AND ILLEGAL ACTIVITY MARGIN BUYING FEDERAL RESERVE POLICY

12. THE DEPRESSION CAUSED A DRAMATIC DROP IN INCOME AND SAVINGS (IN BILLIONS OF DOLLARS) personal and corporate savings

13. “OUR GOVERNMENT IS FOUNDED ON A CONCEPTION THAT IN TIMES OF GREAT EMERGENCY, WHEN FORCES ARE RUNNING BEYOND THE CONTROL OF INDIVIDUALS OR COOPERATIVE ACTION, BEYOND THE CONTROL OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES OR THE STATES, THEN THE GREAT RESERVE POWERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE BROUGHT INTO ACTION TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE. BUT WHEN THESE FORCES HAVE CEASED THERE MUST BE A RETURN TO STATE, LOCAL AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY.” HERBERT HOOVER, SPEECH IN OCTOBER 1932 EXPRESSING HIS PHILOSOPHY HOOVER RESPONDED TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION

14. UNEMPLOYMENT WORSENS THROUGHOUT HOOVER’S PRESIDENCY: 1929-1933 HOOVER’S SOLUTIONS TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION: CREATED some programs public and private Mostly thought THAT THIS DEPRESSION WOULD CURE ITSELF AS THEY ALWAYS HAD IN THE PAST UNEMPLOYMENT IN MILLIONS OF WORKERS

15. “Hoovervilles”, homeless camps

18. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT BECAME THE 32 ND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

19. NEW DEAL  Programs created by Franklin D. Roosevelt to fight the depression 1 st one- 1933-1935 2 nd one- 1935-1937

20. PWA: PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION SPENT $3.3 BILLION ON PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS AS "PUMP-PRIMING” TO GET THE ECONOMY MOVING

21. TVA: TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY hydroelectric power facilities TVA TODAY

22. THE TVA : GREAT SUCCESS -BRINGING CHEAP ELECTRIC POWER (public vs. private) -CONTROLLING FLOODS (dams) - REPLANTING FORESTS - ENCOURAGING INDUSTRY TO COME TO THE TN VALLEY. -THE TVA IS STILL THE NUMBER ONE PRODUCER OF ELECTRICITY IN THE U.S. NEBRASKA SENATOR GEORGE W. NORRIS WHOSE IDEA FOR A DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THE WHOLE TENNESSEE VALLEY WAS ADOPTED BY FDR.

23. BANKING AND STOCK MARKET REGULATIONS $ FDIC: FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION GUARANTEED INDIVIDUAL DEPOSITS. $ THE SECURITIES ACT: PASSED IN 1933 $ THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC) PASSED IN 1934- IMPLEMENTED CHANGES THAT CURBED ABUSES IN THE STOCK MARKET. $ Changes in money to ENCOURAGE INFLATION ( an increase in prices and a decrease in the value of money) SO MANUFACTURES COULD GET MORE DOLLARS FOR THEIR PRODUCTS.

24. 1930’s cost 1 cents 10 cents $3500 5 cents $1,970/yr $600 9 cents 12 cents/lb 2000’s cost 42 cents $3.84 $240,000 $2.50 $40,550 $28,500 $2.80 $4/lb ITEM Stamp Gallon of Gas House Ice cream cone Average Salary New Car Loaf of bread 1 lb hamburger

25. SECOND NEW DEAL PROGRAMS, 1934-1936 FHA: FEDERAL HOUSING AUTHORITY FARM PROGRAMS: RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION, FARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 1935 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION FOR LAID OFF WORKERS COMPENSATION TO DISABLED WORKERS PAYMENTS TO THE WIVES AND CHILDREN OF DECEASED WORKERS OLD AGE INSURANCE, OFTEN CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF THE ACT

26. SOCIAL SECURITY NURSE VISITING A DESTITUTE FAMILY

27. SOCIAL SECURITY CREATED MASSIVE AND COMPLEX BOOKKEEPING JOBS FOR FEDERAL AND STATE EMPLOYEES

29. DROUGHT STRIKES

30.  AREA DEVASTATED FIRST BY DROUGHT THEN BY WIND DRIVEN CLOUDS .  STRONG WINDS CAME THE CROPS FARMERS PLANTED COULD NOT HOLD THE SOIL AND IT BLEW AWAY IN CLOUDS OF “DUST”. DUST BOWL

31. WHERE DID THE DUSTBOWL TAKE PLACE ?

36. HOW DID IT AFFECT THE FARMERS IN THE REGION? MANY FARMERS DECIDED TO PACK UP AND LEAVE MANY went WEST TO CALIFORNIA HOPING FOR A NEW START MANY OF THE MIGRANTS WERE FROM OKLAHOMA -called “OKIES” NOT MUCH BETTER so MANY OF THE MIGRANTS ENDED UP LIVING IN MIGRANT/REFUGEE CAMPS.

39. MIGRANT CAMPS IN CALIFORNIA WHERE REFUGEES CAME TO MAKE A NEW START

40. LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA? INCREASE IN THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INCREASE OF THE ROLE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PLAYS IN THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE POWER THE USE OF DEFICIT SPENDING- AS A TECHNIQUE FOR MAINTAINING THE ECONOMIC HEALTH OF THE NATION CREATION OF A WELFARE STATE AND THE ACCEPTANCE THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE THE RIGHT OF WORKING PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE UNIONS TO ADVANCE THEIR ECONOMIC INTERESTS RENEWED INTEREST IN PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT MAJOR CONSTRUCTION AND INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE STILL WITH US TODAY SHOWED THAT DEMOCRACY IS CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO MAJOR DISRUPTIONS AND HAS THE TOOLS TO REFORM ITSELF