1. 1 Alternative Fuel Vehicles A brief overview of electric, natural gas and bio- diesel fueled vehicles Dan Bowermaster Manager, Electric & Natural Gas Vehicles Integrated Demand Side Management Pacific Gas & Electric Company April 6, 2011

2. 2 Types of alternative fuel vehicles Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Bio-diesel Vehicle Wheels powered by gasoline engine and / or electric motor In-car electricity source: battery Electric only range of 10 – 40 miles blended with gasoline engine to achieve higher speeds and loads Wheels powered only by electric motor In-car electricity source: battery, generator All-electric range of ~40 miles. Gasoline generator powers the vehicle for extended driving Wheels powered only by electric motor In-car electricity source: battery Range of 80 – 250 miles depending on driving conditions, battery size PEVs emit ~70% lower GHG emissions than gasoline engines Wheels powered by internal combustion engine, fueled by compressed natural gas Honda Civic GX, Chevrolet Express van available. Also medium and heavy- duty applications Reduces particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and fewer greenhouse gases (CO 2 ) Wheels powered by conventional internal combustion engine Fuel can be pure biodiesel (B100) or can be blended with petro- diesel up to 20% (B80) Reduces hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur oxides and sulfates

3. 3 Different fuels have unique challenges Vehicle type Infrastructure requirements CostsBenefits Plug-In Electric Vehicle Level 1: 110V wall outlet Level 2: 240V home charging stations; destination charging DC Fast Chargers: public charging locations: range extension Level 1: none Level 2: home electrical panel upgrades Level 2 and DC Fast Chargers: utility infrastructure upgrades Consistent fuel prices Consolidate GHG emissions at source. Reduce urban noise pollution Energy independence Home charging minimizes impact on grid Natural Gas Vehicle Dedicated fueling stations for delivery and storage of CNG Fuel delivery and storage is expensive CNG is stored in cylinders in vehicle’s trunk which reduces storage space Fewer fueling stations Consistent fuel prices Can be fueled from existing natural gas lines. Home refueling is an opportunity Fleet operations often good use case Bio-diesel Vehicle Can utilize existing dispensers at gas stations Variability in fuel prices, similar to petro-diesel Fewer fueling stations Up to B80 (20%), modification usually not required Mitigate fuel availability concerns and range anxiety

4. 4 Which vehicle is right for you? Important factors in decision-making: What is your budget? Are you a daily commuter, a weekend explorer, or a fleet manager? Where will you drive and what is your anticipated range? Where will you park your vehicle when you are not driving? How long will you park your vehicle? How frequently do you replace your vehicle?

5. 5 Additional resources Electric vehicles www.pge.com/electricvehicles www.goelectricdrive.com Natural gas vehicles http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/environment/pge/cleanair/ Biodiesel www.biodiesel.org PG&E’s dedicated electric & natural gas vehicle customer support hotline (800) 684-4648

6. 6 Thank you Dan Bowermaster dsbb@pge.com