1. International Energy Agency © OECD/IEA, 2007 Technical workshop on emissions from aviation and maritime transport Oslo, 4-5 October 2007 Reporting of domestic and international maritime transport: Mieke Reece IEA Energy Statistics Division Head of Oil and Gas Section Implications for emissions inventories

2. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 International Context > 1974: The IEA has been collecting information on energy supply and consumption (including international and domestic use of fuel by ships) from its member countries since its creation. > 1995 (1996): IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Development of methodologies for gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. > 2000: Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Need for harmonization

3. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 What were the issues? >Reporting of fuels used for international aviation and marine bunkers is not always clear military bunkers and domestic marine use of foreign flag military aviation of national flag, both international and domestic military use of foreign flag in domestic aviation, both internationally and within the same country international fishing (only national fishing or all flags) >Countries do not always report in accordance with the definitions >The definitions of the joint questionnaires did not agree with those of the IPCC and UNFCCC

4. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 Proposal for the IEA ESWG / IPCC >To harmonise with the IPCC: Move military fuel use out of international marine bunkers and out of domestic aviation. This consumption would be included in Other sector – Not elsewhere specified. >To rationalise definitions: Rename inland waterways, coastal shipping to be domestic navigation. International navigation on inland waterways or coastal waters would then be with international marine bunkers >To enhance transparency: Show fishing separately from agriculture/forestry (does not modify the coverage)

5. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 International Marine Bunkers – Before revision Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags, including warships. Consumption by ships engaged in transport in inland and coastal waters is not included. Consumption by fishing vessels should be reported in agriculture. fishing Other - Not elsewhere specified

6. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 International Marine Bunkers – Current definition Report the quantities of fuels delivered to ships of all flags that are engaged in international navigation. The international navigation may take place at sea, on inland lakes and waterways, and in coastal waters. Exclude consumption by ships engaged in domestic navigation. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival, and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Exclude consumption by fishing vessels and consumption by military forces.

7. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 Inland Waterways + Coastal Shipping – Before revision Report consumption on inland waterways and by coastal shipping. For example: small craft, barges and those coastal ships which are not included in international marine bunkers. Domestic Navigation What about international travel that is inland?

8. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 Domestic Navigation – Current definition Report fuels delivered to vessels of all flags not engaged in international navigation. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Note that this may include journeys of considerable length between two ports in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu).

9. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 So – what are the outstanding issues? At the end of the review process for the 2006 Guidelines, the IPCC added a qualification to 1A3di that says Emissions from international military water-borne navigation can be included as a separate sub-category of international water-borne navigation provided that the same definitional distinction is applied and data are available to support the definition. >With the new sentence added to the IPCC Guidelines, countries can report international water-borne military either in the transport sector (1A3) or in other sector non-specified (1A5) >Despite the clarification of the IEA annual questionnaires, countries may still have trouble following the reporting instructions, either because of lack of data or confidentiality issues.

10. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 > Up-to-date and accurate information on energy use in domestic and international shipping would improve the quality of the GHG inventories > We were not 100% successful in standardizing the definitions between the IEA and the IPCC (military) > Transparency will be an essential element when assessing inventory quality Conclusions

11. M EDSTAT II Lot 2 Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation © OECD/IEA, 2007 2004 World CO 2 Emissions Thank you!