1. Mr. Smet’s Scientific Studies OBJECTIVES 531-541 STUDENT POWER POINT

2.  This Power Point presentation has been made to walk you through the worksheet. It will answer a short number of the questions from your packet but also go through the key points of answering the other questions with examples.  Work with urgency! HOW THIS WORKS

3. 1 MAGNETISM

4. Definition: Anything that has a magnetic field around it. This magnetic field shows how the power of the magnet moves through space. MAGNETS

5.  Definition: Anything that moves wile inside magnetic fields.  Examples: Iron, nickel, cobalt. All three of these are metals. FERROMAGNETIC

6.  The magnetic field moves from the north pole to the south pole.  After reaching the south pole, it goes back up through the middle to the north pole (makes a circle.) MAGNETIC FIELD

7.  Click on the link below to access the PhET website.  When you get to the page, click on “Run Now” to open the application.  Spend 2-4 minutes working with the application to see how the magnetic field around a magnet changes when you mover the magnet, switch the polarities (North pole switches with the South pole,)  Move the compass around to see how the magnetic field changes.  You may click on “Show Field Meter” to see how the strength of the field changes when the meter is closer or farther from the magnet.  Draw your answer for #4 while in the application. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/magnets-and- electromagnets PHET APPLICATION!

8. 2 EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

9. Just like a bar magnet, Earth has a magnetic field. …However, it isn’t caused by a magnetic stick underground. EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

10. Earth’s magnetic field is caused by the spinning of Earth’s outer core. Earth’s outer core is made of liquid iron and nickel. Both of these are ferromagnetic materials. When a ferromagnetic material spins in a circle, it creates a strong magnetic field too, just like a magnet. EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

11. Another big difference between Earth’s magnetic field and a bar magnet, besides the way it is made, is the way we named it. Earth’s geographic North Pole is at the “top” of the Earth. Santa’s up there with his elves making toys, right? However, what we call the geographic North Pole (at the “top”) is actually a magnetic south pole. They switched the names! EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

12. The name thing is only as confusing as you make it. The reason it is called the geographic North Pole is because that is where the north pole of the magnetic iron in a compass points to. However, we know that the magnetic north pole of a compass should point to the magnetic south pole of the magnetic field, so the names are backwards. The next slide has a picture. EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

14. At this time, you should answer question either with your partner or independently. Do not use the PhET application. QUESTION 4

15.  However, you may now use the PhEt website to check your work. CHECK IT! http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/magnets-and- electromagnets QUESTION 4 CHECK

16. 3 ORGANIZATION OF LIFE

17.  Scientists have created a way to organize the groups of things we are talking about.  This is so that we can be exactly sure if we are talking about one species or another because it is sometimes important to talk about interactions between groups of animals and other times we want to focus only on one type of species or organism, called a population.  The next slide shows the different levels of organization ORGANIZATION OF LIFE

18. ORGANISM  Definition: Any single living thing.  Example: One mouse. 18

19. EXAMPLES OF ORGANISMS 19

20. DO THESE ELEPHANTS MAKE UP AN ORGANISM? 20

21. POPULATION  Definition: All of a certain organism living in a certain area.  Example: A family of mice living in a school. 21

22. POPULATION EXAMPLES 22 A Pack of prairie dogs A pride of lions

23. DO THESE TWO ORGANISMS MAKE UP A POPULATION? 23

24. COMMUNITY  Definition: All of the populations in a certain area  Example: The mice, cats, and dogs in a neighborhood. 24

25. ECOSYSTEM  Definition: The community and non- living things in an area  Example: The mice, cats, dogs, and the neighborhood they live in. 25

26. NON-LIVING THINGS 26

27. ECOSYSTEM I 27

28. ECOSYSTEM II 28

29. BIOSPHERE  Definition; All ecosystems on earth  Example: All living things on Earth and everywhere they live. 29

30. 4 USING THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF LIFE

31. When classifying the things you are talking about into these 5 levels of the organization of life, you must be very careful about determining what you are talking about. The next slide contains the key points for classifying organisms. CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

32. 1.Starting with level 1, ask yourself if you are only talk about the things described in your definition. 2.If you are talking about more than the things described in the definition, then move up to the next level and ask yourself the same question.  There are examples on the next slide. CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

33. A.A bunch of fish swimming in a lake.  Are we only talking about one thing? No, there are more than one fish.  Are we only talking about one type of living thing? Yes, only fish. This is an example of a population. B. All of the consumers, producers and decomposers in the forest are dying.  Are we only talking about one thing? No, there are more than one fish.  Are we only talking about one type of living thing? No, producers consumers and decomposers are different things.  Are we only talking about the living things in an area? Yes, everything that we are talking about is alive. It is an examples of a community. EXAMPLES

34. COMPLETE QUESTIONS 1-5 FOR PART 4

35. 5 SYMBIOSIS & OTHER RELATIONSHIPS

36.  With so many different things alive in our world, it is not a surprise that there are different ways that they work together or against each other to survive life on our planet.  While there are likely many more ways that organisms work together or against each other than we have dreamt of, there are five major ways that most of these are included in.  In this section, you will review what they are and how to classify relationships using these. SYMBIOSIS

37. Definition: Any interaction in which two organisms live together. There are three types: Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

38. SECTION 2.1 SUMMARY – PAGES 35 - 45 Mutualism Definition: A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit This little fish is helping me by cleaning my teeth!!! Yeah!!! I’m eating the big fish’s food so he’s helping me too! Yeah!!!

39. MORE EXAMPLES OF MUTUALISM Example: The coral reef and the algae exist in a mutualistic relationship. They supply food and shelter for each other.

40. MUTUALISM AND FLOWERS! Flowers provide food for insects. Insects spread the seeds of flowers. Both organisms benefit!

41. SECTION 2.1 SUMMARY – PAGES 35 - 45 Commensalism Definition: A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited. Example: In this picture, Spanish moss is growing on the trees. The moss benefits because it has a place to live, and the tree doesn’t care.

42. MORE EXAMPLES OF COMMENSALISM Clownfish hide in poisonous sea anemones which protect them from larger fish. The clownfish benefit, and nothing happens to the sea anemones.

43. COMMENSALISM CONTINUED… This bird, called an egret rides on the back of large mammals like elephants. The egret benefits because it gets a place to live, and the elephant doesn’t care because it does not benefit or become harmed by the relationship.

44. SECTION 2.1 SUMMARY – PAGES 35 - 45 Parasitism Some interactions are harmful to one species, yet beneficial to another. Definition: A member of one species benefits by living inside another, which is harmed

45. SECTION 2.1 SUMMARY – PAGES 35 - 45 ParasitismParasitism Parasites have evolved in such a way that they harm, but usually do not kill the host species. Tapeworms are parasites. They attach to your intestines and suck out all of your food. the tapeworm benefits, and the host is harmed because they slowly starve to death. One of the ways to get rid of a tapeworm is to starve yourself and then place a piece of meat in front of your mouth. The tapeworm will smell the meat and climb up your throat and out of your mouth.

46. OTHER PARASITES! A lungworm benefits while it harms the host. This is the head of a parasite. Parasites often grab on to the digestive tracts (intestines and stomachs) of their hosts.

47. GUINEA WORM-ANOTHER PARASITE!