1. Basic Electricity and Electronics
Module One
Basic Electricity
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Basic Electricity
Basic electricity and electronics starts with electrons
Electrons are one of the three fundamental particles
Electrons move to create electrical work
Electronics is the study and use of systems that control the movement of electrons
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Electrons and Charge
How do we make electrons move?
Electrons have a charge
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract
These forces make electrons move F + -
I made this drawing from scratch.
One other key concept you may want to introduce is that a magnetic field also produces a force that can make electrons move.
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Where do we get charge?
Charge is a fundamental property of nature
Electrons and protons have a charge
Electron charge is negative
Proton charge is positive
Camposcargas.PNG
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The Atom
The fundamental building block of all matter
Made of protons, neutrons,
and electrons
The type of element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus
Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig.  "How Atoms Work."  01 February 2001.  HowStuffWorks.com. <  18 March 2010.
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Voltage and Charge
Voltage is a measurement of force created by a buildup of charge
Atoms are usually neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons
Charge builds up when electrons are separated from the atom
Charge creates physical forces
It takes some type of physical force to separate the charges in the first place (in a generator, mechanical energy goes in, electrical energy comes out).
The original energy is in the wrong form in the wrong place
We end up with the right kind of energy where we want to use it
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Voltage and Current
Voltage is the force created by a buildup of charge
Also called a potential difference
Voltage can make electrons move
Electron movement is called current flow
Current flow does the work in an electric circuit
Voltage is an energy source
energy can come from friction, pressure, light, or heat, but the most common ways of building up charge involve chemical action or electromagnetism
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8. Common Electrical Units
The unit of charge is the COULOMB
Charge has the symbol Q, abbreviation C
The unit of voltage is the VOLT
The symbol is V, the abbreviation is V
The unit of current is the AMP
Current uses the symbol I, abbreviation A
The unit of resistance is the OHM
Resistance has the symbol W, abbreviation R
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Why use Electricity?
A good power source
Easy to create
Easy to control
Efficient to transmit
Easy to measure
Makes everything work – our way of life depends on it
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An electric circuit must have a complete path from one side of a power supply (+V) to the other (-V)
Voltage across a resistor creates current
Voltage, current, and resistance follow a rule known as Ohm’s Law
I =
Current equals voltage divided by resistance V R
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11. Water vs Electrical Analogy
A Simple Circuit
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
Water vs Electrical Analogy
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Calculating series and parallel resistance
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Electricity creates an electromagnetic wave also known as a radio signal
Travels at the speed of light through air
Travels at nearly the speed of light through a wire
Historically most signals were analog and used AC principles
Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage.
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14. Electrical Components
Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage.
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15. Electrical Components
Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage.
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16. Electrical Components
Electrons do not (cannot) move nearly as fast as the electromagnetic wave in a wire that represents voltage.
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Resistors
Water Analogy
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
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18. Capacitors in AC circuits
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
Water Analogy
Capacitor Tutorial Video
Capacitor AC & DC Current
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19. Inductors in AC circuits
Symbol
Water Analogy
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
Inductor Tutorial Video
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Diodes
LED
Water Analogy
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
Diode Tutorial Video
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21. Transistors Water Analogy Transistor Tutorial Video Symbol
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
Symbol
Transistor Tutorial Video
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22. Microprocessors iPhone 6 Microprosessor Microprocessor Tutorial Video
The dark lines are wires
Negative and positive voltages are relative to ground.
When ground is placed at the most negative point, then every other voltage relative to ground will be positive.
Voltage is measured across the battery or load, current flows through devices (inside wires).
Ideally, this circuit should have a control device (switch) and a protection device (fuse)
How Microprocessors
Are Made Video
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