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2. 2 Medical Screening A medical screening measures the individuals physical readiness to take part in strenuous activity. Medical screening A basic assessment of a person’s overall health and personal fitness. Term to Know A medical screening also detects medical problems that may be aggravated by vigorous activity.

3. 3 Medical Screenings are important for people Who have poor lifestyle habits. Who are over 40. Who are over weight and suffer from obesity. Who have a known chronic disease. Asthma is a chronic disease that affects a person’s ability to perform physically demanding activities.

4. 4 Medical Screening The necessity of a medical screening varies with age. AgeFrequency of Screening 6 to 15 16 to 34 35 to 59 60 and up Every 3 years Every 2 years Once a year Twice a year

5. 5 What Happens During a Medical Screening? A complete blood count, or CBC Your height and weight An examination of your eyes, ears, nose, and throat Your blood pressure An examination of your lungs and heart For males, a test for hernia A medical screening may consist of the following: Hernia A condition that occurs when muscle fibers from the intestine protrude through the wall of the abdomen. Term to Know

6. 6 What Happens During a Medical Screening? A medical screening carried out by a physician includes an update of your medical history. Medical history A record of past health problems and illnesses. Term to Know

7. 7 Environmental Concerns There are certain precautions you should consider taking before, during, and after exercising. It is important to understand the dangers of being physically active in very hot or very cold weather.

8. 8 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Climate is a potential risk factor in personal health and fitness. As long as you use common sense and follow a few simple rules, most activities can be carried out safely.

9. 9 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity During physical activity in extreme heat you perspire so heavily that it can affect your fluid balance and you may experience dehydration. Fluid balance The body’s ability to balance the amounts of fluid taken in with the amounts lost through perspiration or excretion Dehydration Body fluid loss. Terms to Know

10. 10 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Heat cramps can be minimized by drinking plenty of fluids before and during physical activity. Heat cramps Muscle spasms resulting from the loss of large amount of sale and water through perspiration. Term to Know

11. 11 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Heat exhaustion symptoms include: Heat exhaustion An overheating of the body resulting in cold, clammy skin, and symptoms of shock. Term to Know Weakness Headache Rapid pulse Stomach discomfort Dizziness Heavy sweating Drop in body weight

12. 12 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Heatstroke symptoms include: Heatstroke A condition in which the body can no longer rid itself of heat through perspiration. Term to Know Very high body temperature Rapid pulse Loss of consciousness

13. 13 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity You can prevent heat-related injuries by using these strategies. Acclimatization is achieved after five to ten days of light workouts in the heat. Acclimatization The process of allowing your body to adapt slowly to weather conditions. Terms to Know To prevent dehydration, you need to rehydrate by drinking plenty of fluids before, during, and after physical activity. Acclimatization The process of allowing your body to adapt slowly to weather conditions. Rehydrate Restore lost water.

14. 14 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Before: Consume between 1½ and 2½ cups of cool water or sports drink 10 to 20 minutes before exercising in the heat. During: Attempt to match fluid loss with fluid intake, approximately 1½ cups to 3¼ cups of water per hour. After: Drink 2 cups of water or sports drink for every pound lost. It may take up to 12 hours to achieve complete fluid replacement after strenuous exercise in the heat. Tips for avoiding heat-related injury include:

15. 15 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity When you are physically active or exercise for extended periods of time in cold weather, you are at risk of hypothermia and frostbite. Hypothermia A condition in which your body temperature drops below normal. Frostbite Tissue damage from freezing. Terms to Know

16. 16 Environmental Conditions and Physical Activity Avoid spending extended periods outdoors when the wind-chill factor is below -22 degrees. Wind-chill factor The combined influence of wind and temperature on the body. Term to Know

17. 17 Safety Gear and Clothing It is important to choose clothing and safety equipment that are suited to the particular activity or exercise you will be doing.

18. 18 Safety Equipment If you participate in an activity such as bicycling, skateboarding, skiing, snowboarding, or inline skating, you should always wear protective equipment. Statistics show that the likelihood of head injury is reduced 85% when a helmet is worn.

19. 19 Footwear Always choose a nonskid shoe to significantly reduce risk for injury. When shopping for footwear, think about the activities you will be doing. There are many different types of footwear, and many are designed for a particular activity or sport.

20. 20 Safety Equipment If you participate in an activity such as bicycling, skateboarding, skiing, snowboarding, or inline skating, you should always wear protective equipment. Statistics show that the likelihood of head injury is reduced 85% when a helmet is worn.

21. 21 Safety Equipment Other safety considerations include: Take extra care around pedestrians and vehicles. Always control your speed. Pay close attention to the pavement for holes and obstructions. If you do fall, prepare your body for the blow by curling up into a ball and rolling as you hit the ground. Replace your helmet if it is damaged.