1. 1 Book Cover Here Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved PART B SEEKING AND OBTAINING INFORMATION: PEOPLE AND RECORDS Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past, 7 th Edition

2. 2 Book Cover Here Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter 5 RECORDS AND FILES Investigative Uses and Sources Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past, 7 th Edition

3. 3 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Records as Investigative Aids Follow Up or Provide New Leads Identify the Perpetrator Trace and Locate a Suspect, Criminal, or Witness Recover Stolen or Lost Property Ascertain Information Concerning Physical Evidence

4. 4 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Records as Investigative Aids From the day of birth, a person becomes part of an ongoing system of records – Birth certificate, medical records, education records, driver’s license, travel – Internet, blogs, social networking sites Trail is generally chronological: pattern of human activity can be reconstructed through diligent, informed effort Can link a person to an object through purchase or ownership, link one person to another; link a person to a place or a time period Discover something about an individual’s lifestyle, personal behavior, or movements

5. 5 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Records: Criminal Justice Purposes Follow up or provide additional leads Identify the perpetrator Trace and locate a suspect, criminal, or witness Recover stolen or lost property Ascertain facts about physical evidence Identify friends and associates

6. 6 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Types and Sources of Recorded Information Law Enforcement Records Information Science Crime Pattern Analysis Modus Operandi ViCAP (Violent Criminal Apprehension Program) Photographs Geospatial Analysis

7. 7 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Law Enforcement Records Police files are often set up according to: – Type of offense – Name(s) of offender(s) – Name(s) of victim(s) – Location — where the crime was committed – Date and time of occurrence – Relevant facts pertaining to the case – Disposition of case

8. 8 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Crime Pattern Analysis Identifying possible suspects for a particular crime Listing crimes having a common offender Identifying crime trends and potential targets Preparing crime maps by type and location of crime, or by residences of known offenders

9. 9 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Organization of a Modus Operandi File Type of Crime Time, Day, and Location Type of Property or Persons Targeted Ruse used by Perpetrator Tale used by Perpetrator Miscellaneous Idiosyncrasies

10. 10 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Geospatial Analysis The use of mapping technology to provide an array of information on the locations of specific events Geographical Information System (GIS) – System that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that is linked to location. – Provide overall pictures of crimes

11. 11 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Public and Private Organizations Federal Government Agencies State and Local Government Agencies Business Organizations – Public Utility Companies – Credit Reporting Agencies – Insurance Companies – Labor Unions – Fraternal Organizations Miscellaneous Sources

12. 12 Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved Where to Find Records Internet sources Books Databases Social networking sites