1. Relevant activities in EMEP Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU) EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP QA/QC

2. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Monitoring programme/strategy : Level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitations ozone PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass meteorology at ca 125 sites Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) POPs Heavy metals in air and aerosols VOC EC/OC, OC speciation Mineral Dust PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio + all level 1 activities 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

3. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Challenges to implement the strategy Level 1  Some Parties have difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe  Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2  POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention  VOC receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance)  Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly, and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)

4. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Intercontinental transport of Hg Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern Hemisphere Mercury deposition to Europe: contribution of continents of NH POPs and O 3 are also important topics in HTAP

5. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Current ”integration” initiatives  WMO-GAW SACs and WCCs  EECCA region, monitoring capacity  Capacity building and improvement in infrastructures  Field data resources – meta data compilation (ACCENT)  Quality assurance documentation archive (ACCENT)  Initiatives towards “data flow harmonisation”  Harmonisation of monitoring strategies should be considered HTAP

6. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 New EMEP sites in the EECCA region MD: Leovo KZ: Borovoye GE: Abastumani AR: Amberd Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs EECCA: East Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia

7. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 CAPACT project (2004 –2007): “Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia” http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/ Objective The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)  Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).  Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.  Improved national energy policies.

8. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Expectations, EECCA countries  A very important region with very little monitoring today  High emissions  Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues  Links EMEP and EANET  Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.  Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country.  Support can be found, i.e. from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE.  Training and capacity building is necessary.

9. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 WMO ICP

10. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Why QA/QC is vital  Comparable measurements needed to make regional and global assessments  Need methods that are easy to use, cheap and long lasting for trend analysis (changing methodology may affect the trend  A harmonisation of methodology has been developed during the last 30 years and are still developing

11. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 QA activities in EMEP Site characterization Documentation of methods and material -detection limits, precision, accuracy, -instructions for maintenance and calibration Manual and standard operating procedures (SOPs) Lab intercalibration Co-located experiments (field comparison) Training courses Data checking and validation -e.g calculate ion balance and time trends Flagging data

12. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Necessary national QA/QC activities  Proper siting for representative measurements  Use recommended field and lab methods  Follow QA/QC procedures in field and lab  Evaluate the data and flag or delete biased or erroneous data  Report data in proper format and meta data:  information of methods  detection limits  Precisions  siting information

13. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Plotting time trends Plotting annual dataset Plotting ion balance

14. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 http://www.nilu.no/trajectories/ All EANET sites is also included

15. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Field inter- comparisons, SO4 in air Estonia Spain

16. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Zingst (DE09) Schauinsland (DE03) Comparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in Germany

17. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Summary of co-located SO 2 measurements

18. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Measurement and model intercomparison ?? NO ES

19. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Lab intercomparisons annually

20. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.

21. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Intercomparison between networks CAPMon / EMEP -2007  EANET / EMEP –2006 Global intercomparison:  lab WMO GAW PC  Field – nothing

22. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 NH4 Na SO4 NO3 Field intercomparisons, EMEP -EANET

23. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Summary  Global and hemispheric issues are more and more important  Lack of sites and measurements in several parts of the world  Need for further harmonisation of methods  QA/QC activities across the different regional networks are necessary  Initiative within the EU project ACCENT for a common meeting this autumn/winter

24. Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in monitoring Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU)

25. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Passive samplers Advantages  Excellent for high spatial resolution  Representativity studies  Inexpensive  Easy to use, and high flexibility  No need for electricity nor a real station /site  Long term exposure – E.g: cumulative uptake of ozone to forest Disadvantages  Inaccurate compared to active sampler  Long sampling time (episodes not detected)  Should be checked against active sampler

26. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Passive samplers can be an alternative method in some cases From IVL, Sweden  SO 2 will be better taken from filterpack  NH 3 and HNO 3 is good supplements to filterpack to correct for gas/particle distribution –low cost denuder even bettre alternative Depending on purpose of monitoring:  NO 2 and O 3 may be replace active sampler But for health warnings and assessment hourly data are needed  POPs – good alternative for spatial assessment

27. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 POP passive sampler campaign Selected POPs: PAHs PCBs, HCHs, HCB, “New” POPs (PBDEs) Objectives: To gain new insight into the spatial patterns consistent sampling and analytical methodologies passive air samplers as a complementary measurements supporting model validation

28. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Passive samplers for POP - samplers developed that provide weekly, monthly or yearly time integrated air conc. Polyethylene PUF

29. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 AccuracyAccuracy  Passive samplers and active samplers deployed at the same site/duration  Within a factor of 2 for various PAHs  Including higher molecular weight compounds associated with particles…

30. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC, EANET STM8 –Indonesia 2007 Nitrogen deposition  NOx dry deposition relatively small  NH 3 and HNO 3 dry dep is important and it necessary to study the gas particle distribution between NO 3 vs HNO 3 and NH 3 and NH 3. V d between gas an particle is very different  Filterpack method can be biased due to NH 3 NO 3 evaporation from aerosol filet and/or HNO 3 NH 3 deposition on humid aerosol filter  Low cost denuder measurements is a good supplement/alternative – 1 month measurements