1. Audio-visual Mapping of Statistical Data Sébastien Caquard & Glenn Brauen Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre Carleton University, Ottawa http://gcrc.carleton.ca Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) Workshop - Toronto - Dec. 13, 2007

2. Overview Introduction to Cybercartography Cybercartography Infrastructure Overview: Nunaliit Mapping Trade Data: A Cyber Cartogram Sound in Cybercartography Trade Data Sonification Browser Future Directions Q & A

3. Introduction to Cybercartography

4. Cybercartography "The organization, presentation, analysis and communication of spatially referenced information on a wide variety of topics of interest and use to society in an interactive, dynamic, multimedia, multisensory format with the use of multimedia and multimodal interfaces" (Taylor 1997) Reflection of the Changing Nature of Cartography While the map is considered central to cybercartography, the notion of geographic narrative underpins the concept. Map and associated media can help to tell stories about people, places, space and society.

5. Elements of Cybercartography Multisensory and multimodal Uses multimedia and Technologies (e.g. Internet, Web 2.0) Interactive - "users" can become "creators". Compiled by teams of individuals Applied to a wide range of topics responding to societal demands including topics not usually "mapped (e.g. conceptual distances) New research and development partnerships

6. Cybercartographic Atlases Atlas of Antartica (Taylor & Pulsifer) Atlas of Canadas Trade with the World (Taylor & Eddy) Atlas du cinéma canadien (Caquard & Taylor) Living Atlas of Indigenous Artifacts and Knowledge (Taylor and Phillips) Interactive Atlas of Community Information in Nunavut (Aporta & Taylor) Cybercartographic Atlas of Arctic Bay (Inuit Heritage Trust) Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas (Kitikmeot Heritage Society) IPY Polar Atlas for Education and Outreach Endorsed and pending (Taylor & Pulsifer) Inuit Sea Ice Use and Occupancy Project (ISIUOP) (Aporta)

7. Cybercartography Infrastructure: Nunaliit

8. Nunaliit Cybercartographic Framework Nunaliit.org

9. Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework

10. Nunaliit Deployment Model

11. Open Source and Open Specifications GCRC: active in the development and application of Open Source software and Open Specifications. Example: Nunaliit is an example of this. New BSD License (Berkeley Software Distribution) Consensus: Centre and Research Assistants engage in publicly funded research: Results should be freely available for use, modification, and re- distribution with minimal restrictions. With this license, everyone is free to use and expand upon this technology. Open specification: important in ensuring interoperability between remote data and information sources

12. Mapping Trade Data: A Cyber Cartogram

13. Trade Atlas Overview Team of researchers and students (International affairs: Geography; cartography) StatsCan database (120 countries, 50 criteria, 25 years) Goal: Improve the analysis (and communication) of these data Compare simultaneously place, time and themes (Schema Triad Spatiotemporal) A Geographic-Cartographic Trade Sector Model (GCM)

14. A Cyber Cartogram 3 elements to represent the 3 dimensions of Schema Triad Spatiotemporal 1.A one dimensional Geographical Space 2.Some Geographical entities associated to attribute data 3.An interactive timeline

15. Application to fish and sea food data Canadian fishing industry : Can$ 5 Billions / year Export : 85% of the production Import : Can$ 2 Billions / year 130 000 jobs 200 communities are dependant upon fishing A Cyber Cartogram

16. Example

17. Simultaneous comparison of the 3 dimensions of the Schema Triad Spatiotemporal Visual aggregation (clustering) : inter/infra continental analysis Movement: highlights changes Original: stimulate users interest Customizable (data, shape, center of gravity … ) Cyber Cartogram: Assets => Multiple Potential applications

18. Representation of complex spatiotemporal relations Comparison of multiple types of geographical entities (industries, cities, regions, communities…) Different forms of proximity (Demographic, social, cultural, politic, climatic…) Multiple time scales (geological, annual, seconds…) Diverse and distant databases Cyber Cartogram: Potential Applications => Some limits cinemas USA IMMIGRATIONEMIGRATION

19. Cyber Cartogram: Limits => Design primarily for expert users One geographical dimension = latitudinal overlapping Spatial entities changing over time (e.g. URSS/Russia) and arbitrary spatial limits Special database formatting for time series Relative complexity of the author interface (xml) Some design issues (interaction, play button, size…)

20. Sound in Cybercartography

21. Interactive Sound Cartography Research Completed work: Strategic Transdisciplinary Research Cluster focused on use of sound in cybercartography: Cartography, Music, Film Studies, Computer Science. Completed work: Nunaliit support of recorded sound and basic support for synthesized music.

22. Interactive Sound Example

23. Continuing Interactive Sound Research Ongoing work: Enhancement Nunaliit of support for synthesized music and authoring abstractions. User evaluations of sound map examples funded by a SSHRC research grant.

24. Abstract Sound Use

25. Trade Data Sonification Browser Overview Application to explore data related to Canadas Trade with World Regions in context of the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canadas Trade with the World. Examine use of abstract sound representation in interactive atlas. Data (3 Selection Criteria): Location - aggregated by region Time - 5 year aggregation Trade Sector (Using Atlas GCM model)

26. Trade Data Browser Visual Variables Total exports and imports by region/period/sector.

27. Trade Data Browser Auditory Variables Canadas trade with current region (mouseover): ratio of imports to exports (normalized by sector and period) percent of total (normalized by sector and period)

28. Trade Data Browser

29. Abstract Sound Pros/Cons Pros: Off-load visuals in complex application Engage users Good fit for abstract time- series data Cons: Still as complex as underlying data Users unfamiliar / surprised Users have strong audio preferences ! Designed for complex applications: Many complex auditory and visual interactions Testing sound or visuals? ( both )

30. Conclusion & Future Directions

31. Nunaliit: a flexible open source cybercartographic infrastructure Allows the development of innovative audio-visual forms of maps Spatial Analysis of (statistical) data User interaction Geospatial storytelling Conclusion & Perspectives => Toward new ways of exploring and mapping statistical data

32. Conclusion & Perspectives Projets en cours Example: Atlas Cybercartographique du Cinéma Canadien (SSHRC) Goal: explore the potential cinema holds for audio-visual mapping Through statistical analysis and representation of cinematographic territories of production of action of distribution Plus dinformations From Le jeu de loie (Raul Ruiz 1980)

33. Questions and Discussion http://gcrc.carleton.cahttp://gcrc.carleton.ca http://nunaliit.org Glenn Brauen: gbrauen@connect.carleton.ca Sébastien Caquard: scaquard@connect.carleton.ca